BACKGROUND Heterogeneity among the various molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has not been well characterized, despite the critical importance of PSA in the detection of prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine PSA heterogeneity in cancerous and noncancerous materials by extensive and systematic protein analysis. METHODS A catalog of molecular forms of PSA was...

In recent years, combination therapy has emerged as the cornerstone of clinical practice in treating glioblastoma multiforme. However, their ability to trigger and leverage body's adaptive immunity rarely been studied. Tumour heterogeneity, presence blood-brain barrier, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment play a crucial role 90% local recurrence post-treatment. Herein, we report improve...

one of the main distinctions between geomaterials and other engineering materials is the spatial variation of their properties in different directions. this characteristic of geomaterials -so called heterogeneity- is studied herewith. several spatial distributions are introduced to describe probabilistic variation of geotechnical properties of soils. among all, the absolute normal distribution ...

naturally occurred soil deposits inherit heterogeneity and anisotropy in their strength properties. the main purpose of this paper is to model the soil stratum with anisotropy consideration and spatially varying undrained shear strength by using random field theory coupled with finite difference numerical analysis to evaluate their effect on the bearing capacity of the shallow foundations. in t...

background: hydatidosis is one of the cosmopolitan parasitic zoonoses caused by the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus. diagnosis of hydatidosis is still an unresolved problem. serological tests using crude antigens for diagnosis of e. granulosus are sensi-tive, however their specificity are not satisfactory. therefore, who recommended spe-cific serological methods using specific antigens,...

objective(s): the aim of this study was to estimate effects of hyperbaric (hb) treatment by determination of cd15s and cd11b leukocyte proinflammatory markers expression.  in addition, this study describes changes in cd77 and cd34 expression on rat endothelial cells in renal, pulmonary and cardiac tissue following exposure to hyperbaric pressure. materials and methods:expression of cd11b and cd...

capture elisa system was developed for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) using a monoclonal antibody raised against an antigen previously detected in the urine of vl patients. urine samples from confirmed vl cases from yemen, nepal, spain, sudan and brazil were tested in the capture elisa in comparison with urine samples from endemic and non-endemic areas along with urine samples from pa...

A mouse monoclonal antibody (IgM) was obtained by cell hybridization between X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells and spleen cells from a BALB mouse that was immunized with GRSL leukemia cells of the GR strain. This antibody identified a unique fetal antigen, which is expressed exclusively on embryonic thymocytes of all strains tested. Therefore, the antigen defined was named fetal thymus antigen-1, FT-1....

The Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide O1 antigen is a major target of bacteriophages and the human immune system and is of critical importance for vaccine design. We used an O1-specific lytic bacteriophage as a tool to probe the capacity of V. cholerae to alter its O1 antigen and identified a novel mechanism by which this organism can modulate O antigen expression and exhibit intra-strain hete...

even purified enzyme preparations are often heterogeneous. for example, preparations of aspartate aminotransferase or cytochrome oxidase can consist of several different forms of the enzyme.  for this reason we consider how different the kinetics of the reactions catalysed by a mixture of forms of an enzyme must be to provide some indication of the characteristics of the species present.  based...