Aim: To evaluate the antiemetic efficacy and safety of olanzapine in Japanese women with nausea and/or vomiting refractory to the standard antiemetic regimen. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive female patients with early breast cancer who underwent highly emetogenic chemotherapy at our hospital from January 2009 to March 2013. Patients with grade 2 or 3 naus...

Nausea and vomiting are common and distressing symptoms in advanced cancer. Both are multifactorial and cause significant morbidity, nutritional failure, and reduced quality of life. Assessment includes a detailed history, physical examination and investigations for reversible causes. Assessment and management will be influenced by performance status, prognosis, and goals of care. Several drug ...

Background Despite the availability of effective antiemetics and evidence-based guidelines, up to 40% of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy fail to achieve complete nausea and vomiting control. In addition to type of chemotherapy, several patient-related risk factors for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) have been identified. To incorporate these factors into the optimal selec...

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a complex pathophysiological condition and consists of two phases. The conventional CINV neurotransmitter hypothesis suggests that the immediate phase is mainly due to release of serotonin (5-HT) from the enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), while the delayed phase is a consequence of release of substance P (SP) in the br...

The effect of the antiemetic chlorpromazine on bleomycin- and epirubicin cytotoxicity was tested in vitro. Chlorpromazine (0.1 or 0.01 mg/l) enhanced epirubicin-induced toxicity to cultured Chinese fibroblasts whereas 0.01 mg/l chlorpromazine inhibited the cytotoxicity of bleomycin. The results encourage further studies on the effects of commonly used antiemetics on the cytotoxicity and antitum...

antiemetics 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor (5HT3) (serotonin) antagonists, corticosteroids and aprepitant are usually given once daily. However, for delayed emesis corticosteroids are given two times daily. Dopamine antagonists are given three or four times daily. For routine use oral doses are recommended [I, A]. Palonosetron is only available as an i.v. formulation. Substances of the sam...

PURPOSE To update the 1999 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline for antiemetics in oncology. UPDATE METHODOLOGY The Update Committee completed a review and analysis of data published from 1998 thru February 2006. The literature review focused on published randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses of published phase II and phase III randomized controlled...

Since the 1990s, new antiemetic agents have significantly reduced the incidence of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Specifically, these agents are the serotonin receptor antagonists and consist of dolasetron (Anzamet, Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ), granisetron (Kytril, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Nutley, NJ), ondansetron (Zofran, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, ...

Evidence-based guidelines are regarded as therapeutic standards for many medical interventions. However, implementation of such recommendations seems to be rather difficult. An international antiemetic guideline for the treatment of patients undergoing chemotherapy was issued by the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer in 1997 and has been in use ever since. However, for many ...