Purpose – This article aims to be an expository introduction to Robert Rosen’s anticipatory systems, the theory of which provides the conceptual basis for foresight studies. Design/methodology/approach – The ubiquity of anticipatory systems in nature is explained. Findings – Causality is not violated by anticipatory systems, and teleology is an integral aspect of science. Practical implications...

Food anticipatory activity (FAA) was assessed in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in two small raceways using demand-feeding (T2) and hand-feeding (t2). The fish of both raceways were subjected to restricted feeding (RF) at two times in two places and the fish distribution and/or trigger actuation, total agonistic behaviour between fish, and swimming speed were measured. Food anticipatory ...

The concept of anticipations controlling behavior is introduced. Background is provided about the importance of anticipations from a psychological perspective. Based on the psychological background wrapped in a framework of anticipatory behavioral control, the anticipatory learning classifier system ACS2 is explained. ACS2 learns and generalizes on-line a predictive environmental model (a model...

Research on anticipatory behavior in adaptive learning systems continues to gain more recognition and appreciation in various research disciplines. This book provides an overarching view on of anticipatory mechanisms in cognition, learning, and behavior. We connect the knowledge from cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and linguistics with that of artificial intelligence, machine learning, cogn...

From information security engineering and software engineering aspects, a new-generation reactive system, named Anticipatory Reasoning-Reacting System, was proposed earlier. To construct this proactive system, we start with a more comprehensive description of general anticipatory systems. And based on this description, we further clarify what kind of systems we intend to implement. With the cla...

Closed head injured patients demonstrated greater anticipatory behaviour deficit than cerebral vascular accident patients on a shuttlebox-analog avoidance task, even though these two groups did not differ on escape behaviour and on performance on the individual tests of the Halstead-Reitan Battery and Wechsler scales. Neither clarification of instructions, additional trials, nor enhancement of ...

The ability to entrain circadian rhythms to food availability is important for survival. Food-entrained circadian rhythms are characterized by increased locomotor activity in anticipation of food availability (food anticipatory activity). However, the molecular components and neural circuitry underlying the regulation of food anticipatory activity remain unclear. Here we show that serotonin(2C)...

Women and men differ in the way they experience emotional events. Previous work has indicated that the impact of an emotional event depends on how it is anticipated. Separately, it has been shown that anticipation affects memory formation. Here, we assessed whether anticipatory brain activity influences the encoding of emotional events into long-term memory and, in addition, how biological sex ...