In mechanized timber harvesting, it is common practice to build brush mats from logging residues on skid trails. Protective effects of brush mats against soil compaction are documented by several studies. On the other hand, a large quantity of nutrients is concentrated on the skid trail. Fully mechanized harvesting has been criticized frequently for this reallocation of nutrients. Is there real...

Skid‐steered mobile robots have been widely used in exploring unknown environments and in military applications. In this paper, the tuning fuzzy Vector Field Orientation (FVFO) feedback control method is proposed for a four track wheel skid‐steered mobile robot (4‐TW SSMR) using flexible fuzzy logic control (FLC). The extended Kalman filter is utilized to e...

Pavement frictional characteristics are commonly determined by conducting skid tests in accordance with ASTM Standard E274. The results of these tests [skid number (SN)] are used in ranking roads to establish construction priorities and to estimate tirepavement friction in accident analysis. The role of SN in these two applications is addressed. There are serious limitations constraining the us...

The air quality in Sweden is strongly influenced by the geographic location and the climate in the northern part of Europe. During wintertime, the temperature is often below zero degree and rain and snow are common which cause slippery roads and needs for house heating. For anti-skid treatment, studded tyres and sand are frequently used which create a lot of road wear particles. Residential woo...

Extreme skin depth engineering (e-skid) can be applied to integrated photonics manipulate the evanescent field of a waveguide. Here we demonstrate that e-skid implemented in two directions order deterministically engineer wave allowing for dense integration with enhanced functionalities. In particular, by increasing depth, enable creation large gap, bendless directional couplers operational ban...

The anti-skid braking system of unmanned aerial vehicle has the characteristics high-order nonlinearity, strong coupling, and time-varying parameters, which will seriously affect taxiing performance vehicle. This paper proposed a cascaded fast terminal sliding mode control method for electric system, can accurately track optimal slip rate ensure stability system. First, model is established, ge...

In the second direction, accompanying this outdoor ex­ posure, will be the standard laboratory tests on these same materials after they have been subjected to freezing and thaw­ ing, wetting and drying. Such laboratory work will, when compared to the outdoor experiment, tell us whether or not it is necessary to go through the actual construction of a test road in order to find out what may othe...

The control of planetary rovers, which are high performance mobile robots that move on deformable rough terrain, is a challenging problem. Taking lateral skid into account, this paper presents a rough terrain model and nonholonomic kinematics model for planetary rovers. An approach is proposed in which the reference path is generated according to the planned path by combining look-ahead distanc...