The varied diet of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) can present challenges when working with starlings in experimental testing and holding situations and should be taken into account when testing repellents applied to food. Our purpose was to evaluate an anthraquinone-based repellent (Arkion Life Sciences, New Castle, DE, USA; active ingredient 50% 9,10-anthraquinone; hereafter anthraqu...

Anthraquinones are of significant interest due to their biological activity, coloring properties, and synthetic applications. Here, we describe a mild convenient method for modification 1-ethynyl-4-hydroxyanthraquinone that was obtained from the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction 1-hydroxy-4-iodoanthraquinone with alkynes. The copper(I) catalyzed one-pot three-component (A3-coupling) new secon...

Four new anthraquinone derivatives 1-4 were obtained along with seven known compounds 5-11 from the extracts of the fungal strain Alternaria sp. XZSBG-1 which was isolated from the sediments of the carbonate saline lake in Bange, Tibet, China. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly by 2D NMR spectra. Compound 1 is a novel tetrahydroanthraquinone with an epoxy ether bo...

Five novel derivatives of N-(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide were synthesized and their lipid-lowering effects studied in hyperlipidemic rats. Fusion of the anthraquinone derivatives at high temperature with 5-indole-2-carbonyl chloride, followed by recrystallization from chloroform/methanol gave the desired compounds in excellent yields. Compounds 1 to 5 at a non-to...

In this research, the synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (1) and two anthrone derivatives, 1,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-10H-anthracene-9-one (2) 1-hydroxy-3,5,7,9-tetramethoxyanthracene (3) has been done. Compound 1 was synthesized by a symmetrical condensation reaction 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in concentrated sulfuric acid. Reduction carbonyl group compound with SnCl2/HCl-HOAc affor...

The formal intramolecular photoredox reaction initially discovered for the parent 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone (1) has been extended to include analogs 3-6 in which the oxidizable benzyl alcohol group is significantly further away from the anthraquinone moiety. All of 3-6 undergo a clean and efficient formal intramolecular photoredox reaction in water catalyzed by acid (Phi = 0.1-0.6), in whi...

BACKGROUND Rhubarb is an important Chinese medicinal herb with a long history of over 2000 years and has been commonly used as a laxative. It is the radix and rhizome of Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L. and R. tanguticum Maxim, all of which are mainly distributed in a broad region in the Tibetan plateau. Anthraquinone glycosides are a series of major active ingredients found in all three...

Deoxybostrycin (1) is an anthraquinone compound derived from the marine mangrove fungus Nigrospora sp. No. 1403 and has potential to be a lead for new drugs because of its various biological properties. A series of new derivatives (2-22) of deoxybostrycin were synthesized. The in vitro cytotoxicity of all the new compounds was tested against MDA-MB-435, HepG2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Most...