Recently, evidence suggests that dark CO2 fixation in the pelagic realm of the ocean does not only occur in the suboxic and anoxic water bodies but also in the oxygenated meso- and bathypelagic waters of the North Atlantic. To elucidate the significance and phylogeny of the key organisms mediating dark CO2 fixation in the tropical Atlantic, we quantified functional genes indicative for CO2 fixa...

The composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from the beta-Proteobacteria subclass (betaAOB) was studied in the surface and upper-oxycline oxic waters (2- to 50-m depth, approximately 200 to 44 microM O(2)) and within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) suboxic waters (50- to 400-m depth, < or =10 microM O(2)) of the eastern South Pacific off northern Chile. This study was carried out through clonin...

The impact of soil management practices on ammonia oxidizer diversity and spatial heterogeneity was determined in improved (addition of N fertilizer), unimproved (no additions), and semi-improved (intermediate management) grassland pastures at the Sourhope Research Station in Scotland. Ammonia oxidizer diversity within each grassland soil was assessed by PCR amplification of microbial community...

Recent studies on the impacts of disturbance on microbial communities indicate communities show differential responses to disturbance, yet our understanding of how different microbial communities may respond to and recover from disturbance is still rudimentary. We investigated impacts of tidal restriction followed by tidal restoration on abundance and diversity of denitrifying bacteria, ammonia...

This study investigated the influence of salinity and ammonium levels on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) by monitoring their amo subunit A (amoA) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. The aerobic mini-continuous stirred-tank reactors (mini-CSTRs) were operated for 48 h under different salinity or ammonium levels. Quantification of archaeal and bacterial amoA mRNA levels using real...

The present study describes the occurrence of a unique archaeal ammonia monooxygenase alpha subunit (amoA) gene in nitrifying acid-sulfate soil microcosms at pH 3.5. The soil was collected from an abandoned paddy field in Thailand. Microcosms were incubated in the dark at 30°C for 372 days with the following three treatments: addition of ammonium sulfate solution once a month (I) or once a week...

OBJECTIVE To anatomically evaluate the femoral origin and tibial insertion of the anteromedial and posterolateral bands of the anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS We studied eight cadaver knees as for the following: in the femur, distance from the center of the anteromedial band to the deep cartilage and the ceiling; also in the femur, distance from the center of the posterolateral band to th...

Biochar application can influence soil nitrogen (N) cycle through biological and abiotic processes. However, studies on comprehensive examination of the effects biochar microbially mediated N-cycling processes (N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, fixation) N fate (i.e., plant uptake, N2O emission, leaching) are warranted. Therefore, aim this study was to examine transformation, mi...

BACKGROUND This retrospective study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of a combined posterior lateral and anteromedial approach in the treatment of terrible triad of the elbow (TTE). METHODS TTE patients who received a combination of posterior lateral and anteromedial approach or other conservative treatments were included in the present study. The postoperative functions of the elb...

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used and exposed to the soil environment, but their effect on nitrous (N2O) emissions remains unclear. In this study, a microcosm experiment was conducted explore effects of different ZnO NPs concentrations (0, 100, 500, 1000 mg kg−1) N2O associated functional genes related amendment with carbon (C) or nitrogen (N) substrates. Partial least squares ...