Voluntary movements are frequently composed of several actions that are combined to achieve a specific behavior. For example, prehension involves reaching and grasping actions to transport the hand to a target to grasp or manipulate it. For controlling these actions, separate parietofrontal networks have been described for generating reaching and grasping actions. However, this separation has b...

We investigated the effect of a scene on the activity of cells in the anterior inferotemporal (AIT) cortex while the monkey performed a saccadic eye movement (SEM) task with and without the context of a scene (gray frame). Most neurons did not code for the presence of a scene when it appeared alone (monkey free viewing) or when the monkey was fixating. Nevertheless, when a peripheral target was...

Visual commissures of the honeybee brain were investigated by electrophysiological and histological methods. 1. A newly described serpentine optic commissure (SOC) consists of four neurones each of which has widely extending arborizations in both medullae and lobulae. The cells are monocularly sensitive, the best stimulus being a moving target. 2. Neurones of the posterior optic commissure (POC...

The role of anterior commissure (AC) and anterior parts of corpus callosum in visual interactions was investigated in a partial split-brain patient whose posterior and middle parts of the corpus callosum were resected surgically leaving intact only a thin portion of anterior corpus callosum. Although the primary visual areas of the two hemispheres are disconnected in the patient, we found that ...

In clinical practice as well as in many volumetric studies we use different reorientations of the brain position towards x and y axis on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In order to find out whether it has an overall effect on the resulting 2D data, manual hippocampal area measurements and rotation variability of the brain (in two reoriented axes) and the skull were performed in 23 A...

Our recent target article on the allocation of attention to action (herein called the AAA model; Franz, 2012) considered implicated subcortical processes and networks in people with intact corpus callosum (CC) and people without a CC due to commissurotomy or callosotomy. However, a small error in print-namely that the term "commissurotomy" was printed in place of "callosotomy" in some instances...

The anterior commissure (AC) is one of the important commissure projections in the brain that conveys information from one side of the nervous system to the other. During development, the axons from the anterior AC (aAC) and the posterior AC (pAC) course in the same dorsoventral plane and converge into a common fascicle for midline crossing. Previously, we reported that Tsukushi (TSK), a member...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Robotic surgery is increasingly used for a variety of head and neck surgical procedures but has yet to be adapted for routine robotic microlaryngeal surgery (RMLS). Current retractor technology is limited by the following: poor tongue retraction, poor oral commissure retraction, poor larynx visualization, and laryngeal blades that do not take advantage of the robot's abili...