Fractional anisotropy (FA), a very widely used measure of fiber integrity based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is a problematic concept as it is influenced by several quantities including the number of dominant fiber directions within each voxel, each fiber's anisotropy, and partial volume effects from neighboring gray matter. With High-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) and the t...

We present a new type of temperature driven spin reorientation transition (SRT) in thin films. It can occur when the lattice and the shape anisotropy favor different easy directions of the magnetization. Due to different temperature dependencies of the two contributions the effective anisotropy may change its sign and thus the direction of the magnetization as a function of temperature may chan...

The evolution of globular clusters driven by two-body relaxation is investigated by means of numerical integration of the two-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation in energy–angular momentum space. The twodimensional Fokker-Planck equation allows the development of velocity anisotropy. We include a spectrum of stellar masses in this paper. The radial anisotropy develops, that is, the radial veloci...

The anisotropy splitting in the ground state of the single-molecule magnet Mn4O3BrsOAcd3sdbmd3 is studied by inelastic neutron scattering as a function of hydrostatic pressure. This allows a tuning of the anisotropy and thus the energy barrier for slow magnetization relaxation at low temperatures. The value of the negative axial anisotropy parameter Dcluster changes from −0.0627s1d meV at ambie...

This article considers polycrystalline materials with macroscopic elastic anisotropy and the effect of the anisotropy on the quadratic nonlinearity parameter used to describe second harmonic generation in solids. The polycrystal is assumed to have transversely isotropic elastic symmetry, which leads to a directional dependence of the nonlinearity parameters. Additionally, the anisotropy leads t...

Introduction Based on Task Group No. 43 (TG-43U1) recommendations, water phantom is proposed as a reference phantom for the dosimetry of brachytherapy sources. The experimental determination of TG-43 parameters is usually performed in water-equivalent solid phantoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the conversion factors for equalizing solid phantoms to water. Materials and Methods T...

Although very accurate in representing the material anisotropy, finite element analysis based on direct use of a polycrystal model is CPU-intensive (Guan et al., 2006a). In the present study, this Taylor-type polycrystalline model was firstly used to predict the anisotropy coefficients of Yld96 yield function. Then this phenomenological anisotropic yield function was implemented into ABAQUS/Sta...