The rate of mortality and morbidity among cancer patients is at an alarming rate and its ratio of incidence is increasing as a result of its effects of metastasis and recurrence in its patients. Several factors including anesthetic agents and analgesia techniques have been identified as causative agents for cancer metastasis. In this mini-review, we will summarize some of the available effects ...

context lumbar central spinal stenosis is common and often results in chronic persistent pain and disability, which can lead to multiple interventions. after the failure of conservative treatment, either surgical or nonsurgical modalities such as epidural injections are contemplated in the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. evidence acquisition recent randomized trials, systematic reviews an...

Regional anesthetic techniques in children have become more popular in the past decade. This is in part because of recent research indicating biobehavioral changes associated with untreated pain in children.2, 86 Most regional techniques in children are performed under heavy sedation or general anesthesia. Concerns regarding safety and the medicolegal liability of performing regional blocks und...

Ruminants can be safely anesthetized in a field setting. The higher level of analgesia provided by anesthesia eliminates the need for local anesthetic blockade, which can prove useful when a procedure is expected to produce a substantial level of pain or local anesthetic blockade is not feasible. Certain aspects of anesthesia place the patient at greater risk than chemical restraint techniques....

Although anesthetic requirements for minimally invasive neurosurgical techniques have been described in detail and applied successfully since the early 2000s, most of the literature on this subject has dealt with cranial cases that were operated on in the supine or sitting positions. However, spinal surgery has also used minimally invasive techniques that were performed in prone position for mo...