for vectors x, y ∈ rn, it is said that x is left matrix majorizedby y if for some row stochastic matrix r; x = ry. the relationx ∼` y, is defined as follows: x ∼` y if and only if x is leftmatrix majorized by y and y is left matrix majorized by x. alinear operator t : rp → rn is said to be a linear preserver ofa given relation ≺ if x ≺ y on rp implies that t x ≺ ty onrn. the linear preservers o...

‎Suppose $n$ is a fixed positive integer‎. ‎We introduce the relative n-th non-commuting graph $Gamma^{n} _{H,G}$‎, ‎associated to the non-abelian subgroup $H$ of group $G$‎. ‎The vertex set is $Gsetminus C^n_{H,G}$ in which $C^n_{H,G} = {xin G‎ : ‎[x,y^{n}]=1 mbox{~and~} [x^{n},y]=1mbox{~for~all~} yin H}$‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎${x,y}$ is an edge if $x$ or $y$ belong to $H$ and $xy^{n}eq y^{n}x$ or $x...

let g be a fixed element of a finite group g. we introduce the g-noncommuting graph of g whose vertex set is whole elements of the group g and two vertices x,y are adjacent whenever [x,y] g  and  [y,x] g. we denote this graph by . in this paper, we present some graph theoretical properties of g-noncommuting graph. specially, we investigate about its planarity and regularity, its clique number a...

in cite{p}, park introduced the quadratic $rho$-functional inequalitiesbegin{eqnarray}&& |f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)-2f(y)| && qquad le  left|rholeft(2 fleft(frac{x+y}{2}right) + 2 fleft(frac{x-y}{2}right)- f(x) -  f(y)right)right|,  nonumberend{eqnarray}where $rho$ is a fixed complex number with $|rho|andbegin{eqnarray}&& left|2 fleft(frac{x+y}{2}right) + 2 fleft(frac{x-y}{2}r...

Background and Aims: Azoospermia factor (AZF) region of the Y-chromosome has several genes which are responsible for normal spermatogenesis. Microdeletions of these genes are associated with azoospermia and oligospermia. These microdeletions are too small to be detected by karyotyping. They can be easily identified using polymerase chain reaction. The aim of this study is to determine the frequ...