Background: The present study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Dynamic Interspinous Spacer (Coflex®) and Static Spacer (X-STOP ®) compared to Laminectomy (LAMI) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.   Methods: A decision-analysis model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness parameters were obtained from a systematic literature review in ...

Gender inequality is more pronounced in urology than any other specialty the UK. There are numerous barriers, biases and cultural characteristics that stop women taking up as their specialty. All of these will need to be overcome if equality achieved.

This paper studies inference in a continuous time game where an agent's decision to quit an activity depends on the participation of other players. In equilibrium, similar actions can be explained not only by direct influences but also by correlated factors. Our model can be seen as a simultaneous duration model with multiple decision makers and interdependent durations. We study the problem of...

politeness is a phenomenon which is common to all cultures. each culture has a different perception of what is polite and each language has various devices for expressing politeness. one of the important aspects of politeness which is the central focus of many studies is the polite behaviors of men and women. the focus of this study is on the politeness strategies of males and females from diff...

aim : to evaluate the association between body mass index (bmi) and certain digestive symptoms and signs. background : obesity is of substantial health significance all over the world, and it is categorized by the world health organization among top ten global health problems. there is much evidence that indicates a higher prevalence of digestive symptoms in obese people. patients and methods :...

BACKGROUND Cocaine dependence is associated with cognitive control deficits. Here, we apply a Bayesian model of stop-signal task (SST) performance to further characterize these deficits in a theory-driven framework. METHODS A "sequential effect" is commonly observed in SST: encounters with a stop trial tend to prolong reaction time (RT) on subsequent go trials. The Bayesian model accounts for...

background: the present study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of dynamic interspinous spacer (coflex®) and static spacer (x-stop ®) compared to laminectomy (lami) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.   methods: a decision-analysis model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness. the effectiveness parameters were obtained from a systematic literature review in relevant databas...

BACKGROUND Our previous work characterized altered cerebral activations during cognitive control in individuals with alcohol dependence (AD). A hallmark of cognitive control is the ability to anticipate changes and adjust behavior accordingly. Here, we employed a Bayesian model to describe trial-by-trial anticipation of the stop signal and modeled fMRI signals of conflict anticipation in a stop...