purpose: e is a commonly use letter for illiterates or those who could not read english to measure visual acuity. the e chart is the mainly used charts in iran. however, they do not have the standards. they are in different format, fixed for 6 meter test, with or without lighting, with unequal number of letters in each line and different contrasts. as a result, there is an essential need for a ...

Mental imagery of events in the past or future, and of unpleasant or pleasant events, has been found to lead to spontaneous backward/forward bodily motions. Both time and emotion are represented along a spatial continuum, and activation of these representations seems to be simulated in spontaneous changes in body posture. We performed a conceptual replication and extension of an earlier study b...

We discuss the design of Java applets that visualize how the Voronoi diagram of n points continuously changes as individual points are moved across the plane, or as the underlying distance function is changed. Moreover, we report on some experiences made in using these applets in teaching and research. The applets can be found and tried out at http://wwwpi6.fernuni-hagen.de/GeomLab/.

We emphasize the importance of variance reduction in stochastic methods and propose a probabilistic interpretation as a way to store information about past gradients. The resulting algorithm is very similar to the momentum method, with the difference that the weight over past gradients depends on the distance moved in parameter space rather than the number of steps.