1. Premise With regard to science, one may speak of models in different senses. The two main ones are models of science and models in science. A model of science is a representation of how scientists build their theories, a model in science is a representation of empirical objects, phenomena, or processes of some area of science. In this article I will describe and compare five models of scienc...

Robert Rosen's central theorem states that organisms are fundamentally different from machines, mainly because they are "closed with respect to effcient causation." The proof for this theorem rests on two crucial assumptions. The first is that for a certain class of systems ("mechanisms") analytic modeling is the inverse of synthetic modeling. The second is that aspects of machines can be model...

Opening the Door to Cloud-Cuckoo-Land: Hempel and Kuhn on Rationality A reading is offered of Carl Hempel's and Thomas Kuhn's positions on, and disagreements about, rationality in science that relates these issues to the debate between W.V. Quine and Rudolf Carnap on the analytic/synthetic distinction.

Psychoanalysis, as procedure, theory and therapy, is a unique activity centred around a special approach to a formalised intersubjective relationship. The phenomena of transference and counter-transference between analyst and analysand allow the emergence of a generative interplay between creative impulses struggling for expression and a persistent search for clarity by appropriate analytic int...

In general, the problem of determining the amplitude and frequency modulations ~AM and FM! of a signal is ill posed because there is an unlimited number of combinations of AM and FM that will generate a given signal. Although Gabor proposed a method for uniquely defining the AM and FM of a signal, namely via the analytic signal, the results obtained are sometimes physically paradoxical. In this...

This paper presents a signal analysis technique for machine health monitoring based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT). The HHT represents a time-dependent series in a two-dimensional (2-D) time-frequency domain by extracting instantaneous frequency components within the signal through an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) process. The analytical background of the HHT is introduced, based on ...

Hybrid logic is a form of modal logic which allows reference to worlds. We can think of it as ‘modal logic with labelling built into the object language’ and various forms of labelled deduction have played a central role in its proof theory. Jerry Seligman’s work [13,14] in which ‘rules involving labels’ are rejected in favour of ‘rules for all’ is an interesting exception to this. Seligman’s a...