Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are misused to a high extent in sports by athletes to improve their physical performance. Sports federations consider the use of these drugs in sports as doping. The misuse of AAS is controlled by detection of the parent AAS (when excreted into urine) and (or) their metabolites in urine of athletes. I present a review of the metabolism of AAS. Testosterone is ...

Objective: Stanozolol is an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) that widely used by teenagers and athletes in bodybuilding, sports, athletics. The potential effects of stanozolol kidney functions have not been defined. In this study we investigated the expression tumor suppressor protein phosphatase tensin homolog (Pten) mRNA levels phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3 kinase (Pi3k) B (Akt1) s...

Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone and are often illegally used by athletes to increase their physical performance. There is a correlation between the use of these drugs and increased cardiovascular risk1. Human growth hormone (hGH) has also been used to increase physical performance, despite the risk of cardiovascular complications2. Clenbuterol is a potent β2-agonist ...

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are lipophilic hormones often taken in excessive quantities by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance performance and increase muscle mass. AAS exert well known toxic effects on specific cell and tissue types and organ systems. The attention that androgen abuse has received lately should be used as an opportunity to educate both athletes and the general populati...

THE PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION of testosterone and other steroids to castrate dogs, rats and intact human males has been reported to increase gains in body weight and nitrogen retention (3, 5, 6) but in addition to the anabolic effects, there were undesirable androgenic side effects. In efforts to find compounds with improved efficiency and reduced side effects, many steroids that possess high a...

This study was designed to examine the association between body image and eating-related attitudes among male bodybuilders in relation to two athletic comparison groups, runners and martial artists. It was also of interest to examine whether steroid use may be associated with body image disturbances in athletes. The volunteer sample of 139 male athletes recruited from fitness centers comprised ...

Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has increased among athletes in recent years. However, AAS abuse can increase hypercoagulopathy and cause cerebrovascular disease. We report a case of a 27-year-old man who had right hemiparalysis, hemianopia, dysarthria, and double vision in the middle of muscle training. He suspected acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at first, because of a preceding ...

Elective tonsillectomy remains one of the most commonly performed operations in otolaryngology, with postoperative hemorrhage (PTH) being the most significant potential complication. Anecdotal evidence among ENT Surgeons suggested that bodybuilding athletes may be at increased risk of suffering from PTH, a notion corroborated by a recent case report, regarding primary PTH. The problem has been ...

background: stanozolol (st) is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid often abused by athletes. an increasing body of evidence points towards the role of st misuses in the pathogenesis of a wide range of adverse effects including reprotoxicity. objective: the aim of this study was to analyze the possible reproprotective effect of royal jelly (rj) as an efficient antioxidant in st-treated mice....