Alterations in cerebrovascular regulation related to vascular oxidative stress have been implicated in the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their role in the amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment associated with AD remains unclear. We used mice overexpressing the Swedish mutation of the amyloid precursor protein (Tg2576) as a model of AD to examine the role of reactive oxygen s...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). It influences amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance and aggregation, which likely contributes in large part to its role in AD pathogenesis. We recently found that HJ6.3, a monoclonal antibody against apoE, significantly reduced Aβ plaque load when given to APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice starting before ...

The extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid peptide is a key trigger in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In humans, amyloid deposition precedes the appearance of intracellular inclusion pathology formed by cytosolic proteins such as Tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43. These secondary pathologies have not been observed in mice that model Alzheimer-type amyloidosis by expressing mutant amyl...

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability. Although DS accounts for only 15% of all individuals with intellectual disabilities, adults with DS account for approximately 60% of individuals with intellectual disabilities and Alzheimer's disease. This is thought to be because of overproduction of the β-amyloid (Aβ) protein due to trisomy for the Aβ precursor pr...

To the Editor: Apolipoprotein AI (AApoAI)–associated amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) and occurs as a hereditary and a nonhereditary form. Hereditary AApoAI amyloidosis is a systemic disease leading to the deposition of amyloid in various organs and tissues and is caused by germline mutations in the APOA1 gene. Nonhereditary AApoAI amyloid is far more ...

Deposition of proteins leading to amyloid takes place in some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Mutations of tau and parkin proteins produce neurofibrillary abnormalities without deposition of amyloid. Here we report that mature, parkin null, over-expressing human mutated tau (PK(-/-)/Tau(VLW)) mice have altered behaviour and dopamine neurotransmis...

Amyloid is a term used to describe protein deposits with circumscript physical characteristics: beta-pleated sheet configuration, apple green birefringence under polarized light after Congo red staining, fibrillary structure and high insolubility. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) defines a clinicopathological phenomenon characterized by amyloid deposition in the walls of leptomeningeal and cor...

OBJECTIVE There is no standardized therapy for renal amyloidosis, which shows rapid progression and poor prognosis. Here, we used cluster analysis to examine the correlation between amyloid-related renal damage and prognosis, and determined the clinicopathological prognostic factors for renal amyloidosis. METHODS AND PATIENTS We analyzed 125 patients with renal amyloidosis (men/women: 43/82; ...

In this issue of Neuron, McGowan et al. report on a new mouse model of amyloid deposition as occurs in Alzheimer's disease. Unlike previous models in which overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein results in amyloid plaque formation, McGowan et al. have produced mice that overexpress only Abeta40 or Abeta42 and prove that Abeta42 is critical for the formation of amyloid deposits in vivo.

BACKGROUND Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight (CT) is commonly used to treat forgetfulness by traditional Chinese physicians. This study presents the ameliorating effects of CT extract which was quantified with three phenylpropanoid glycosides in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like rat model. METHODS Amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ 1-42) intracisternally infused to rats by osmotic pump (Alzet 2002) wa...