organogenesis and neoformant plantlet production were studied by culturing the different parts of mature embryo including radicle and proximal and distal parts of cotyledon of mission and kroneiki cultivars. different parts of embryos were cultures in omc medium containing growth regulators, such as indole butyric acid (iba) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-ip) or iba and naphthalene acetic acid (n...

Gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is thought to play an important role in the modulation of the central response to stress. Mechanisms by which GABA may facilitate these responses to stress are metabolic and/or mechanical disruptions. Environmental stresses increase GABA accumulation through cytosolic acidification, induce an acidic pH-dependent activation of glutamate...

In the developing visual system of Xenopus laevis retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons extend through the brain towards their major target in the midbrain, the optic tectum. Enroute, the axons are guided along their pathway by cues in the environment. In vitro, neurotransmitters have been shown to act chemotropically to influence the trajectory of extending axons and regulate the outgrowth of deve...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons form the final common pathway for the central regulation of reproduction. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) has long been implicated as one of the major players in the regulation of GnRH neurons. Although GABA is typically an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature adult central nervous system, most mature GnRH neurons show the unusual characteristi...

Anxiety is a psychological disorder characterized by a persistent and disproportionate fear unrelated to any genuine risk. Apart from very few chemical remedies available like benzodiazepines and serotonin modulators, not much treatment options are at hand that could safely and effectively alleviate anxiety. The present paper discusses anti-anxiety potential of 56 plants with emphasis on their ...

Apterous populations of Chaitophorous populicola Thomas (Homoptera: Aphididae) appear to track Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) leaf development. Few aphids occur onmature leaves.Marked individual aphids on leaves of different developmental stageswereobserved through a period of new leaf initiation. Nymph and adult C. populicola frequently track leaf development bymoving up to youn...

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is a kind of pharmacological and biological component and its application is wide and useful in Korea specially, becoming aging society in the near feature. GABA is request special dose for the purposed biological effect but the production of concentrated GABA is very difficult due to low concentration of glutamic acid existed in the fermentation broth. To increa...

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that is known to be synthesized and released from GABAergic neurons in the brain. However, recent studies have shown that not only neurons but also astrocytes contain a considerable amount of GABA that can be released and activate GABA receptors in neighboring neurons. These exciting new findings for glial GABA raise furth...