The objective of this research is to identify Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding acid phosphatases induced by phosphate starvation. Multiple alignments of eukaryotic acid phosphatase amino acid sequences led to the classification of these proteins into four groups including purple acid phosphatases (PAPs). Specific primers were degenerated and designed based on conserved sequences of PAPs isol...

Chemical modifications of innate DNA/RNA aptamers facilitate the improvement their function. Herein, we report our modular strategy to manipulate a thrombin-binding DNA aptamer (TBA) improve its anticoagulation activity and binding affinity. A set amino acid conjugates, termed acid–nucleic hybrids or ANHs, was synthesized incorporated into TBA loop sequences. We found that substitutions with hy...

influenza a viruses possesses two virion surface glycoproteins including haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). the na plays an important role in viral replication and promotes virus release from infected cells and facilitates virus spread throughout the body. to find out any genomic changes that might be occurred on na gene of avian influenza circulating viruses, we have genetically analy...

BACKGROUND: Fasciola species are parasitic trematode with world wide distribution that infects wild and domesticated herbivores, particularly ruminants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intra species variations of F. gigantica, from goats and buffalos isolates in two common geographic climates of Iran. METHODS: Fasciola species were collected from goat, buffalo, sheep, and ca...