The fruit of the prickly pear cactus (“Tuna blanca”, Opuntia amyclaea) has a sweet juicy pulp containing numerous hard-coated seeds, which limit the overall acceptability of the fruit. This study extended previous attempts to develop prickly pear fruits with reduced or smaller seed structures by applying gibberellic acid to floral buds. Solutions of gibberellic acid (GA3) were applied by sprayi...

mice. In particular, these types of studies have been performed using animals that have disrupted gustatory University of Denver Denver, Colorado 80208 innervation due to the lack of a particular neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or its principal receptor, trkB. BDNF is expressed in developing taste For the past century, studies of the development of taste papillae (Nosrat...

most often in the posterior of the mandible of patients who need implants, the inferior alveolar nerve (ian) is too high to insert the implants, and the surgeons have to reposition ian. in conventional techniques (to make the windows in the buccal aspect of the mandible) removal of the corticocancellous bone may cause weakness of the mandible. here we present a new technique in which the bone i...

primary bud necrosis in grapevine is a physiological disorder observed in the compound buds. this study was conducted to investigate the anatomical changes in cv. askari grapevine in winter dormant buds. bud samples were taken from askari grapevine at sisakht vineyards, south-western of iran. compound buds were dissected and assessed under a binocular microscope at 10-40x magnification and a di...

The aim – to determine the sources and terms of origin, developmental peculiarities anddynamics ossification mandible during prenatal period human ontogenesis.Materials methods. research was carried out on specimens 30 embryos and30 pre-fetuses from 9th 12th weeks intrauterinedevelopment, which were studied by microscopic examination. Three-dimensionalcomputer reconstructions pre-fetal head mad...

The terminal buds (end buds, beaker organs) of the fish were first observed by LEYDIG (1851) under the name of "becherformiges Organ". Already in a few years after that, morphological details of the structure had been elucidated to the extent that reached almost the limit of the light microscopic observation, even estimated today (SCHULZE 1863, SCHWALBE 1868, NAGEL 1894 etc. See KOLMER 1927 for...

The use of cotton buds for actively cleaning of the ears is common despite the old adage ‘do not put anything smaller than your elbow in the ear’. The cotton buds are commonly used to remove the ear wax. The frequently reported complications secondary to cotton bud use include wax impaction, otitis externa and tympanic membrane perforation. Not infrequently, cotton buds can lodge in the ear can...

To elucidate the molecular mechanism of apical dominance, the expression patterns of genes that are preferentially expressed in dormant axillary buds of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) seedlings were investigated. We isolated two cDNA clones, cPsAD1 and cPsAD2 whose corresponding genes were named PsAD1 and PsAD2, from a cDNA library of dormant axillary buds using the differential display meth...

Taste buds are gustatory endorgans which use an uncommon purinergic signalling system to transmit information to afferent gustatory nerve fibres. In mammals, ATP is a crucial neurotransmitter released by the taste cells to activate the afferent nerve fibres. Taste buds in mammals display a characteristic, highly specific ecto-ATPase (NTPDase2) activity, suggesting a role in inactivation of the ...

Gustatory neurons transmit chemical information from taste receptor cells, which reside in taste buds in the oral cavity, to the brain. As adult taste receptor cells are renewed at a constant rate, nerve fibers must reconnect with new taste receptor cells as they arise. Therefore, the maintenance of gustatory innervation to the taste bud is an active process. Understanding how this process is r...