Fast and reliable high altitude re-ignition is a critical requirement for the development of alternative jet fuels (AJFs). To achieve stable combustion, spark kernel needs to transit in partially or fully extinguished flow develop flame front. Understanding relight characteristics AJFs complicated by chaoticity turbulent variations properties. The focus this study prediction such high-fidelity ...

The depletion of fossil fuels and their market inequality have led to the popularity biofuels. Biofuels are a renewable energy source which can be promising solution environmental issues created by fuels. emission greenhouse gases fluctuating prices put pressure on developing countries small economic nations. Thus, one main concerns is production bio jet fuel from resources, with relatively low...