Dafni, A. 1983. Pollination of Orchis caspia – a nectarless plant which deceives the pollinators of nectariferous species from other plant families. Journal of Ecology 71: 467-474. In this study of the title species, Dafni contributes to basic knowledge about the nature of deceptive pollination systems and introduces the ideas of pollinators finding it hard to distinguish between a mimic and a ...

—The physiological responses of juvenile American shad Alosa sapidissima were evaluated during the period of downstream migration in freshwater (FW) and after seawater (SW) acclimation associated with postmigration. Fish were subjected to a standardized, acute handling and confinement stress (3 h). Changes in plasma cortisol, plasma chloride, and hematocrit were monitored for 24 h. Basal levels...

Larval and juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) raised from eggs in the laboratory were subjected to biweekly 24-h seawater (35 ppt) challenges. There was no survival in seawater before 36 days post-hatch, and most mortalities occurred within 2 h of transfer. Twenty-four hour survival reached 89% in seawater at 45 days post-hatch (when larval–juvenile metamorphosis occurred), 96% at 58 da...

Otsego Lake (42o 41’N-70o’W) is the headwaters of the glacially-created Susquehanna River valley within the northern Appalachian Plateau. Historically considered oligo-mesotrophic, (Harman et al., 1997) the unauthorized introduction of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) in 1986 (Foster 1989) affected the lake, creating changes similar to those of eutrophy (Harman et al. 2002). Efficient planktivor...

Anadromous blueback herring Alosa aestivalis are declining throughout much of their range, and fishery closures in some systems have failed to produce population recovery. A potential contributing factor is increased predation pressure from sympatric striped bass Morone saxatilis. We integrated data on the predator–prey interaction between striped bass and blueback herring during vernal migrati...

Several nature-like fishway designs have been constructed in the northeastern US, but none of these fishways have been quantitatively evaluated for passage of northeastern diadromous species. This report summarizes data on passage performance from two studies of nature-like fishway designs for passage of river herring in the field (Town Brook, Plymouth, Massachusetts, and East River, Guilford, ...

Geochemical signatures in the otoliths of diadromous fishes may allow for retrospective analyses of natal origins. In an assessment of river-specific signatures in American shad (Alosa sapidissima), an anadromous clupeid native to the Atlantic coast of North America, stable isotope and elemental ratios in otoliths of juvenile American shad produced accurate natal tags from 12 rivers. Significan...

The quality of minced kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) with gum arabic encapsulated (0.3% and 0.5% w/w) and unencapsulated fennel extract (FE) (0.3% and 0.5% w/w) stored at 4°C was examined over a storage period of 15 days. The control and the treated fish samples were analyzed periodically for microbiological (total viable count [TVC] and total psychrotrophic count [TPC]) and chemical ...

Juvenile American shad Alosa sapidissima were subjected to isothermal transfers into sea water (salinity 24) ‘early’ (1 September; 24 C) and ‘late’ (10 November; 10 C) in the autumn migratory season. Early acclimation resulted in a modest osmotic perturbation that recovered rapidly. Haematocrit declined by 14% at 24 h, recovering within 48 h. Plasma osmolality increased by 6% at 4 h, recovering...