The transient flow analyzing by the frequency domain method (FDM) is computationally much faster than the method of characteristic (MOC) in the time domain. FDM needs no discretization in time and space, but requires the linearization of governing equations and boundary conditions. Hence, the FDM is only valid for small perturbations in which the system’s hydraulics is almost linear. In this st...

We show that every injective homological ring epimorphism f : R → S where SR has flat dimension at most one gives rise to a 1cotilting R-module and we give sufficient conditions under which the converse holds true. Specializing to the case of a valuation domain R, we illustrate a bijective correspondence between equivalence classes of injective homological ring epimorphisms originating in R and...

We view hypertext as an inherently dynamic concept to incorporate in the interface of dynamic information systems. What challenges does hypertext face in a constantly changing environment? In this paper, we discuss the benefits and the problems we face in our research into hypertext-oriented decision support systems. Then we focus on a new hypertext construct beneficial to this domain: valuatio...

We recall that a ring R is called near pseudo-valuation ring if every minimal prime ideal is a strongly prime ideal. Let R be a commutative ring, σ an automorphism of R and δ a σderivation of R. We recall that a prime ideal P of R is δ-divided if it is comparable (under inclusion) to every σ-invariant and δ-invariant ideal I (i.e. σ(I) ⊆ I and δ(I) ⊆ I) of R. A ring R is called a δ-divided ring...

Recent years have seen a push to use explicit consideration of “value” in order to drive design. This paper conveys the need to explicitly align perspectives on “value” with the method used to quantify “value.” Various concepts of value are introduced in the context of its evolution within economics in order to propose a holistic definition of value. Operationalization of value is discussed, in...

Diminishing marginal utility (DMU) is a basic tenet of economic and psychological models of judgment and choice, but its determinants are little understood. In the research reported here, we tested whether insensitivities in valuations of dollar amounts (e.g., $40, $100) may be due to inexact mappings of symbolic numbers (i.e., "40," "100") onto mental magnitudes. In three studies, we demonstra...

In recent years, the theory of almost automorphic functions has been developed extensively see, e.g., Bugajewski and N’guérékata 1 , Cuevas and Lizama 2 , and N’guérékata 3 and the references therein . However, literature concerning pseudo-almost automorphic functions is very new cf. 4 . It is well known that the study of composition of two functions with special properties is important and bas...

Issues around water – its quality, use, availability and environmental value – can be a major point of tension between mineral projects and local communities. Failure to manage these issues appropriately can jeopardise the obtaining of regulatory approvals for new projects and place at risk the ‘social licence to operate’ of existing operations. Conversely, there may also be significant opportu...

This paper explores the idea that a proper valuing of natural environments is essential to (and not just a natural basis for) a broader human virtue that might be called ʻappreciation of the goodʼ. This kind of valuing can explain, without any commitment to a metaphysics of intrinsic values, how and why it is good to value certain natural phenomena for their own sakes. The objection that such a...