Stereomicroscopic observations using oblique illuminations revealed the presence of two types of movement trails by Xylella fastidiosa strains (A- and G-genotypes) isolated from almond-leaf scorch samples on the surface of PW and PD3 culture media. The A-genotype strains showed curved motility trails, and the G-genotype strains showed straight motility trails. Haloes were found around some G-ge...

Mark S. Sisterson and Jianchi Chen, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93611; Mario A. Viveros, University of California Cooperative Extension, Bakersfield 93307; Edwin L. Civerolo and Craig Ledbetter, USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center; and Russell L. Groves, Depar...

Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres Drechs. (anamorph: Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoemaker), is a prominent foliar disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Bowden) in Western Australia (19,46), as well as elsewhere in the world (13,28,31,34,39,41). Two types of leaf symptoms are associated with the net blotch disease: the net type, caused by P. teres f. teres, which causes horizontal and...

Two new species of the gobiid genus Cabillus, C. nigromarginatus sp. nov. and Cabillus nigrostigmus sp. nov. are described. Cabillus nigromarginatus (from Rodrigues, Western Indian Ocean) is distinguished from congeners by having 18-20 pectoral-fin rays; predorsal area naked; two scales with enlarged ctenii ventrally and dorsally at the caudal-fin base; head with anterior and posterior oculosca...

Short growing season restricts production of standard-sized fruit trees in nurseries at cold regions. Enhancing plant growth by optimizing program of mineral nutrition may solve the problem. This study evaluated efficiency of fertilizers [urea, sulfur coated urea (SCU), or foliar applications of a NPK compound fertilizer] for optimizing the growth of seedling rootstocks and grafted young almond...

In this study, in order to know the variability for a rootstock breeding program genetic diversity and relationships among 55 Iranian almond genotypes and seven related Prunus species were investigated. Morphological and molecular analyses were used. Principal component analysis showed that three components explained 67.6% of the total morphological variation for the first year and 68.06% for t...

Biostimulants are classified as materials that are neither a fertilizer nor a pesticide, but when applied to a plant will enhance their health, growth, and protection. Manufacturers claim biostimulants have underexploited potential in providing protectant properties to plants against pathogen attack. This study evaluated the efficacy of seven commercially available biostimulants against the fol...

The new genus Macrosaccus Davis & De Prins is proposed for three species formerly assigned to the genus Phyllonorycter: Macrosaccus robiniella (Clemens), Macrosaccus morrisella (Fitch), and Macrosaccus uhlerella (Fitch); two new, closely related species: Macrosaccus neomexicanus Davis and Macrosaccus gliricidius Davis, are also proposed. Descriptions of the adults, pupae, larvae, life histories...

We report the use of three glycosidase inhibitors, the bean polygalacturonase inhibiting protein 2 (PvPGIP2), the kiwi pectin methyl esterase inhibitor (AcPMEI), and the Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor III (TAXI-III), to control leaf blotch and Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) symptoms caused by the fungal pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium graminearum. We produced transgenic durum whe...