Cholesterol (CHOL) molecules play a key role in modulating the rigidity of cell membranes and controlling intracellular transport and signal transduction. Using an all-atom molecular dynamics approach, we study the process of CHOL interleaflet transport (flip-flop) in a dipalmitoylphosphatidycholine (DPPC)-CHOL bilayer over a time period of 15 μs. We investigate the effect of the flip-flop proc...

In this paper we present an ultra low-voltage and high speed D flip-flop. The flip-flop has an increased current level compared to standard CMOS circuits operating at low supply voltages. The increased current level is obtained by using a synchronized capacitive coupling to a semi floating-gate. The delay of the static differential flip-flop presented is less than 12% compared to conventional d...

Glycerophospholipid flip-flop across biogenic membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a fundamental feature of membrane biogenesis. Flip-flop requires the activity of specific membrane proteins called flippases. These proteins have yet to be identified in biogenic membranes and the molecular basis of their action is unknown. It is generally believed that flippase-facilitated glycero...

In this paper, a novel low power pulsed flip-flop (PFF) using self-controllable pass transistor logic is presented. The pulse generation logic comprising of two transistor AND gate is used in the critical path of the design for improved speed and reduced complexity. In the D to Q path inverter is removed and the transistor is replaced with pass transistor logic. The pass transistor is driven by...

A new flip-flop design using a double-pulsed static latch is presented. The flip-flop has only a single stage of logic in the critical path and as a result is up to three times faster than the fastest previously known flip-flops, while consuming approximately the same energy as the lowestpower flip-flops. The flip-flop has asymmetric timing properties which make it a good match to skewed logic ...

The jitter, obtained by SFEMG recordings, mainly reflects the neuromuscular transmission time variability and is usually Gaussian distributed. Here is reported the bimodal distribution of the interpotential intervals, the flip-flop phenomenon. Long flip-flop in cases of reinnervation may indicate alternatively continuous and saltatory nerve conduction. Short flip-flop in normal subjects may be ...

This paper describes a semi-dynamic CMOS flip-flop family featuring embedded Threshold Logic functions. First, we describe the new Threshold Logic flipflop concept and circuit operation. Second, we present the concepts of embedded Threshold logic and run-time reprogrammability. Finally, it is proved by Spice simulation results that wide (up to 8 inputs) AND/OR Boolean functions can be embedded ...

Use of a standard non-rad-hard digital cell library in the rad-hard design can be cost-effective solution for space applications. In this paper we demonstrate how flip-flop, as one most vulnerable cells, converted into flip-flop without modifying its internal structure. We present five variants Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) flip-flop: baseline TMR latch-based True-Single Phase Clock (TSPC) sc...