RATIONALE Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) by thiazolidinediones lowers blood pressure, whereas PPARγ mutations cause hypertension. Previous studies suggest these effects may be mediated through the vasculature, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify PPARγ mechanisms and transcriptional targets in vascular smooth muscle and their ...

Abstract Recognition of a pair pre-Neogene markers together with analysis published data indicate ?40 km dextral slip across the southern Death Valley fault zone, California, USA. Stratigraphic overlaps on rocks much predates late Miocene, placing significant fraction in same time window as regional extension and challenging interpretations that modern strike-slip system became active post–6–3 ...

In cells expressing different receptors linked to Ins(1,4,5)P(3) formation, maximal stimulation of any one of them often releases all the Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-sensitive Ca(2+) stores, suggesting that Ins(1,4, 5)P(3) is used similarly by many receptors. In single HEK-293 cells, ATP and carbamylcholine (CCh) stimulated Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores via a pathway that was entirely dependent o...

A series of pentacyclic tritperpenes found in Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens), including ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), corosolic acid (CA), 3-epi-corosolic acid (3-epiCA), maslinic acid (MA), and 3-epi-maslinic acid (3-epiMA) were evaluated for their effects on epidermal cell signaling, proliferation, and skin inflammation in relation to their ability to inhibit skin tumor promotio...

Motivated by applications in ride-sharing and truck-delivery, we study the problem of matching a number requests assigning them to cars. A cars are given, each which consists location speed, pick-up drop-off location. Serving request means that car must first visit then Each can only serve at most c requests. assignment yield multiple different serving routes corresponding times, our goal was m...

Introduction: To provide constraints on the Triassic tectonic setting of Eastern Tianshan, an integrated study was conducted geochronological and geochemical data for granodiorites, monzogranites, two-mica granites from Yamansu area northern margin Central NW China. Geochronlogy Method Results: Zircon U–Pb dating indicated crystallization ages ca. 250–241 Ma. Geochemistry The granodiorites (ca....

We investigated the effects of extracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](o)) on aglycemia-induced dysfunction and injury in adult rat optic nerves. Compound action potentials (CAPs) from adult rat optic nerve were recorded in vitro, and the area under the CAP was used to monitor nerve function before and after 1 h periods of aglycemia. In control artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) containing 2 mM Ca(...

Electromechanical coupling via membrane depolarization-mediated activation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (VDCC) is an important mechanism in regulating pulmonary vascular tone, while mouse is an animal model often used to study pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary vascular disease. The function of VDCC in mouse pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells (PASMC), however, has not been charac...