The Landsberg erecta (Ler) accession of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a weak allele of the floral inhibitor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). FLC-Ler is weakly up-regulated by the active San Feliu-2 (Sf2) allele of FRIGIDA (FRI-Sf2), resulting in a moderately late-flowering phenotype. By contrast, the Columbia (Col) allele of FLC is strongly up-regulated by FRI-Sf2, resulting in a very late-flo...

New combinations in Pentapogon R.Br. (Poaceae) are provided for three endemic Aotearoa / Zealand species earlier placed Deyeuxia Clarion ex P.Beauv.: aucklandicus (Hook.f.) de Lange & L.M.H.Schmid, comb. nov. (Deyeuxia aucklandica Zotov), P. lacustris (Edgar Connor) (D. Edgar Connor), and youngii youngii(Hook.f.) Buchanan). These were omitted from a recent treatment of proposed by Peterson ...

Alkannin is the main coloring matter of Alkanet, a natural red dye extracted from root Alkanna tinctoria L. Shikonin, optical isomer alkannin, Lithospermum erythrorhizon. As both dyes are only slightly soluble in water, application ordinary Raman spectroscopy limited. Thus, Surface-enhanced (SERS) can be successfully applied to study solutions. Solid alkannin and shikonin were characterized by ...

Host shifts by herbivorous insects have contributed substantially to current patterns of association between insects and plants. Despite their evolutionary and agricultural interest, however, the plant traits that predispose insects to colonize some plants instead of others are poorly understood. To examine whether ancestral and novel hosts share similar chemical oviposition stimulants that wou...

In this work, dyeing properties of wool samples with Alkanna tinctorum root extract was investigated. For purpose, two different dyestuff extracts, red and blue are gained from its roots acetone ethanol solvents, as well. Wool fabrics (194 pieces) dyed AIK(SO4)·12H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, AgNO3 CoCI2·6H2O mordants at pH 2, 4, 6 8, respectively. Unmordanting, pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting, ...

The very late-flowering behavior of Arabidopsis winter-annual ecotypes is conferred mainly by two genes, FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). A MADS-domain gene, AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 (AGL20), was identified as a dominant FRI suppressor in activation tagging mutagenesis. Overexpression of AGL20 suppresses not only the late flowering of plants that have functional FRI and FLC alleles but also th...