Introduction During 1983-1986, the four year period covered by this review, emphasis in the study of mantle convection shifted away from fluid mechanical analysis of simple systems with uniform material properties and simple geometries, toward analyzing the effects of more complicated, presumably more realistic models. This shift received impetus from developments in other branches of earth sci...

A trial assessing the suitability of multifunctional living mulch to maintain soil and reduce weed infestation was carried out in an organic apple orchard years 2019-2020. Perennial plants (Alchemilla vulgaris, Fragaria vesca, Mentha piperita) annual crops (Tropaeolum majus Cucurbita maxima) were grown rows trees. The weeds number coverage tree assessed. Regardless species utilized, resulted be...

Water plays an important role in geological processes. Providing constraints on what may influence the distribution of aqueous fluids is thus crucial to understanding how water impacts Earth's geodynamics. Here we demonstrate that ductile flow exerts a dynamic control on water-rich fluid circulation in mantle shear zones. Based on amphibole distribution and using dislocation slip-systems as a p...

We examine the possible extent of melting in rock-iron super-earths, focusing on those in the habitable zone. We consider the energetics of accretion and core formation, the timescale of cooling and its dependence on viscosity and partial melting, thermal regulation via the temperature dependence of viscosity, and the melting curves of rock and iron components at the ultra-high pressures charac...

The Yellowstone supervolcano is one of the largest active continental silicic volcanic fields in the world. An understanding of its properties is key to enhancing our knowledge of volcanic mechanisms and corresponding risk. Using a joint local and teleseismic earthquake P-wave seismic inversion, we revealed a basaltic lower-crustal magma body that provides a magmatic link between the Yellowston...

We studied life history responses of larvae of three coccinellid species, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), when deprived of food for different periods of time during the fourth stadium. The coccinellid species did not differ in starvation resistance when larvae were starved throughout the stadium; however, for larvae fed onl...

Swells of the Cameroon Line, a 1000-km-long line of 10 volcano-capped swells, resemble other volcano-capped topographic and bathymetric swells on the African plate. However, individual swells of the Cameroon Line are about 10 times smaller in area and distinct in being arranged in a straight line, half on the continent and half on the ocean floor. These peculiarities are here interpreted as rel...