This paper introduces a Travel Demand Management (TDM) model in order to decrease the transportation externalities by affecting on passengers’travel choices. Thus, a bi-objective bi-modal optimization model for road pricing is developed aiming to enhance environmental and social sustainability by considering to minimize the air pollution and maximize the social welfare as its objectives. This m...

A fundamental component of any National Airspace System (NAS) performance evaluation is the cost impact of air traffic delays, and more generally capacity limitations, on the travelling passengers. In previous research it has been conclusively shown that flight delay data and flightcentric metrics fail to accurately represent the passenger travel experience and passenger trip delays accurately....

If and when sustained human-to-human transmission of H5N1 becomes a reality, the world will no longer be dealing with sporadic avian flu borne along migratory flight paths of birds, but aviation flu - winged at subsonic speed along commercial air conduits to every corner of planet Earth. Given that air transportation is the one feature that most differentiates present day transmission scenarios...

The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia and the Americas with substantial transmission in 2014-2015. Yet the mechanisms underlying the spatio-temporal circulation of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes at large geographical scales remain elusive. Here we investigate the co-circulation in Asia of DENV serotypes 1-3 from 1956 to 2015, usi...

Automobile use is a significant contributor to climate change, local air pollution, pedestrian injuries and deaths, declines in physical activity and obesity. A significant proportion of car use is for short trips that can relatively easily be taken with active transportation options--walking or cycling--or with public transportation. In this commentary, we review a number of immediate, practic...

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) – the application of communications and information technology to surface transportation systems – has the potential to improve transportation along several dimensions, from safety to emissions reductions to travel time and reliability. ITS has become a worldwide technology, and many cities in Latin America are currently deploying ITS, from individual te...

BACKGROUND Exposure to ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can cause adverse health effects, including premature mortality due to cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer. Recent studies quantify global air pollution mortality but not the contribution of different emissions sectors, or they focus on a specific sector. OBJECTIVES We estimated the global mortality burden of anthropogenic ...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze in terms of security the complexity of European Air Transport after the 2001 terrorist attack, taking into account Total Factor Productivity (T.F.P.) change. Our approach regards European Air Transport as a complex system of airplanes, airports and control. The investigation is based on recent data from the Amadeus database for the largest European (EU-27...

nowadays, the environmental impact of transportation project and, especially air pollution impacts, are major concerns in evaluating transportation projects. based on this concern, beside definition of traditional objective functions like total travel time and total investment cost, different type of environmental related function is considered as objective function in urban network design. in...