The process by which liquid cloud droplets homogeneously crystallize into ice is still not well understood. The ice nucleation process based on the standard and classical theory of homogeneous freezing initiates within the interior volume of a cloud droplet. Current experimental data on homogeneous freezing rates of ice in droplets of supercooled water, both in air and emulsion oil samples, sho...

PREMISE OF STUDY Leaf shape is predicted to have important ecophysiological consequences; for example, theory predicts that lobed leaves should track air temperature more closely than their entire-margined counterparts. Hence, leaf-lobing may be advantageous during cold nights (∼0°C) when there is the risk of damage by radiation frost (a phenomenon whereby leaves fall below air temperature beca...

Production of natural hydrocarbon, transportation and filling into storage is often carried out in the Northern regions and is accompanied by direct contact of droplets produced with the environment cold air. The droplets initially may have a positive temperature. A similar problem occurs when the final product of some chemical substances have liquid – droplet state, the conditions of preservat...

Ice is a material that is rich in visual details. To achieve a photorealistic image that represents ice in computer graphics (CG) is a challenging issue. Ice in nature is usually not transparent because it contains bubbles. Bubbles are one of the characteristics that define the appearance of ice since they scatter light. To manually incorporate many bubbles in a CG representation would be a dau...

The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for imaging skin during cryosurgery is evaluated. OCT provides high spatial resolution (5-10 microm) images of optical backscattering due to local variations in refractive index, such as the boundary between liquid and frozen water in tissue. Time resolved OCT images were acquired during freezing of water, Intralipid trade mark, and in vivo hamster ...

[1] This paper provides numerics for cloud and precipitation development from multiple aerosol size distributions and examines the effect of clouds and precipitation on aerosol removal. Numerical techniques are given for (1) simultaneous liquid and ice growth onto multiple aerosol size distributions, (2) diffusiophoretic, thermophoretic, gravitational, etc., coagulation among liquid, ice, and g...

Freezing of stem sections and entire twigs of hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) has been demonstrated to occur without increasing the resistance to the movement of water through the frozen part after rewarming. This was interpreted to mean that freezing did not produce cavitation in the xylem sap even though A) the sap was unquestionably frozen; B) it contained dissolved gases; and C) it was under ten...

This research investigated the combined effects of cooking methods (household griddle (C1), household conventional oven (C2), industrial (C3), storage temperature (refrigeration /freezing) and packaging system (aerobic vacuum), on quality chicken burgers. The results show that refrigeration favours retention moisture content juiciness burgers, but application vacuum (RV) was best option to main...

the present study aims to analyze the existing indoor environmental conditions of firozabad city along with its impact on people’s health by going through the correlative index of indoor environment’s determinant and different diseases, faced by the people. in order to measure spatial disparities, the statistical technique, i.e. the standard score additive model (z- score), has been applied to ...