The primary standard for air kerma for the gamma radiation of Cs-137, of the Metrological Laboratory of Ionising Radiation (LMRI), is an ionisation chamber of the type CC01. This instrument was, for the first time, used to characterize the radiation field, in terms of air kerma, produced by a Cs-137 source in an irradiator Shepherd model 81, used mainly for radiation protection calibration purp...

Segmented-based attenuation correction is now a widely accepted technique to reduce noise contribution of measured attenuation correction. In this paper, we present a new method for segmenting transmission images in positron emission tomography. This reduces the noise on the correction maps while still correcting for differing attenuation coefficients of specific tissues. Based on the Fuzzy C-M...

We report the design of a millimeter-sized parallel plate free-air ionization chamber (IC) aimed at determining the absolute air kerma rate of an ultra-soft X-ray beam (E = 1.5 keV). The size of the IC was determined so that the measurement volume satisfies the condition of charged-particle equilibrium. The correction factors necessary to properly measure the absolute kerma using the IC have be...

introduction:surgeosight is a dedicated intra-operative hand-held gamma camera designed and manufactured by our team to be used for lymphoscintigraphy. although conventional gamma cameras are widely used, they lack the capability of the sentinel lymph node (sln) imaging in the operation room. like conventional gamma cameras it is necessary to calibrate surgeosight for linearity distortion, ener...

Recently, the rapid advances in quantitative biology and polymer science have led to the atomic force microscope AFM being extensively employed for single-molecule force spectroscopy. Deflection sensitivity, a critical factor in single molecule force spectroscopy, is changed due to the change in bending shape of AFM cantilever when a single molecule is attached to the AFM cantilever tip. We qua...

Solid-state switch-mode rectification converters have reached a matured level for improving power quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains and precisely regulated dc output in buck, boost, buck–boost and multilevel modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. In this paper, an improved power quality converter employing con...

Measurements of the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on ENVISAT have been used to derive global water vapour total column amounts over ocean and land. For this purpose, the Air Mass Corrected Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (AMC-DOAS) approach, which has already been successfully used with GOME data, has been applied to SCIAMACHY’s n...

Microclimate variables such as air temperature and relative humidity influence habitat conditions and ecological processes in riparian forests. The increased relative humidity levels within riparian areas are essential for many plant and wildlife species. Information about relative humidity patterns within riparian areas and adjacent uplands are necessary for the prescription of effective buffe...

Low vital capacity is a risk factor for scoliosis correction operation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, but pulmonary rehabilitation, including noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilator application, air stacking exercise, and assisted coughing technique, reduces the pulmonary complications and perioperative mortality risk. In this case, the patient's preoperative force...

Because of changes in SST sampling methods in the 1940s and earlier, there are biases in the earlier period SSTs relative to the most recent 50 years. Published results from the Met Office have shown the need for historic bias correction and have developed several correction techniques. An independent bias-correction method is developed here from an analysis using nighttime marine air temperatu...