This paper presents a universal engineering model, which can be used to formulate both counterflow and crossflow cooling towers. By using fundamental laws of mass and energy balance, the effectiveness of heat exchange is approximated by a second order polynomial equation. Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt methods are then used to determine the coefficients from manufactures data. Compared wi...

Different control strategies of bed temperature and moisture were investigated using various inlet air temperatures and air fluxes in both the ordinary packed bed bioreactor (without cooling water in the jacket) and the bioreactor with cooling water in jacket. The experiments were carried out within a 1-L solid-state packed bed bioreactor in which Aspergillus niger was cultivated on wheat bran....

The aim of the present research is to simulate the heat treatment process of the autogenous grinding (AG) shell liner of Cr-Mo steel in different quenching media (still air, air blowing, oil and water) using ABAQUS software, in order to calculate the cooling curves. In this regard, the microstructure and hardness for each arbitrary point within the mill liner's bulk could be predicted based on ...

In this paper, exergy of conditioned air, exergy efficiency, irreversibility, and entropy generation of common models of evaporative cooling have been investigated in five cities of Iran. Direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and two-stage IEC/DEC as the most popular methods of cooling have been modeled. Atmospheric conditions are considered as the dead state of ...

a thermodynamic analysis of the counter flow wet cooling tower (cwct) in the steelmaking unit of the khuzestan steel company (ksc) is performed in this paper. we evaluated both energy and exergy formulations for analyzing the heat and mass transfer, exergy and second-law efficiency in this cooling tower. the lewis factor le f is an indication of the relative rates of heat and mass transfer in a...

evaporative cooling system and high air velocity management are important tools in alleviating the effects of heat stress on broilers performance during hot weather. in this study, technical and economical aspects of ventilation in varamin township broiler farms during summer were investigated. data were obtained from completed questionnaires through 20 broiler houses. information of air veloci...

The aim of this study is to analyze the operating energy savings of a liquid desiccant and an indirect and direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS) for marine applications. The LD-IDECOAS comprises a liquid desiccant (LD) unit and indirect and direct evaporative coolers (IEC and DEC) to meet the target supply air (SA) conditions. In this study, seawater was used ...

BACKGROUND Temperature management is used with increased frequency as a tool to mitigate neurological injury. Although frequently used, little is known about the optimal cooling methods for inducing and maintaining controlled normo- and hypothermia in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study we compared the efficacy of several commercially available cooling devices for temperature managemen...

Traditional vehicle air conditioning systems condition the entire cabin to a comfortable range of temperature and humidity regardless of the number of passengers in the vehicle. The A/C system is designed to have enough capacity to provide comfort for transient periods when cooling down a soaked car. Similarly for heating, the entire cabin is typically warmed up to achieve comfort. Localized he...

By increase in the power of computer systems and enhanced power of the components and their temperature, including the central processing unit (CPU), cooling just by the air is not effective and there is need for more powerful systems to cool down and increase the power of the cooling system. In this article simulation of the heat exchanger material of the fluid cooling system has been studied ...