After World War II, the advent of central air conditioning and its progeny, the sealed building, made natural ventilation an anachronism. Today it is making a comeback, however, owing to rising energy costs and the worldwide movement toward buildings that employ “green” strategies. Architects and engineers, mostly in England, are using advanced computer and modeling Use the following learning o...

With the improvement of standard of living, air-conditioning has widely been applied. However, health problems associated with air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality appear more frequently. In this paper, recent research is reviewed on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health. The problems in the existing research are summarized. A further study is sugge...

Do houses evolve? The intuitive answer would have to be yes. The general assessment that houses are better apparently supports that conclusion, as does the fact that those improvements occurred incrementally over the last century or so with the steady introduction and refinement of indoor plumbing, central heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, electric lighting. Despite a certain resistance...

Intuitively it seems obvious to most observers that increasing energy efficiency will ultimately reduce demand for an energy resource such as electricity. Paradoxically, economic theory suggests that this decrease in demand and subsequent decrease in cost of using the resource could cause a rebound in demand. A commonly cited example is an increase in the efficiency of home air conditioning whi...

Smart grid is one of the main applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Within this context, this paper addresses the efficient energy consumption management of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in smart grids with variable energy price. To that end, first, we propose an energy scheduling method that minimizes the energy consumption cost for a particular tim...

I grew up long before the Internet, at a time when there was hardly anything of interest to watch on our tiny black and white television—in fact, the available TV channels would mostly display ‘‘test patterns.’’ As a result, school was by far the most interesting activity in my life; in comparison, the hot, humid summer vacation months, spent at home near Chicago without air conditioning, seeme...

In tropical countries such as Brazil, there is not enough information about microbial contaminants in indoor environments with air conditioning systems. Microbial monitoring of such environments is important for the quality of human life. The aim of this work was to assess the fungal genera and bacterial morphotypes occurring in such environments. Air samples were taken indoors and outdoors fro...

Energy consumption is a very important topic these days especially regarding air conditioning in residential buildings, since this takes the biggest amount of energy in buildings total consumption, residential buildings constitute the biggest percentage of energy consumption in Bahrain. This research reflects on the effects of shading percentage in different solar orientations on the energy con...

Building operators and grid operators often find themselves at odds with one another. A building operator’s goal is to create a comfortable environment for the occupants and to minimize occupant complaints of thermal discomfort. In order to do so, air conditioning systems are often run at their maximum capacity during the warmest part of the day to maintain a cool environment inside the space w...