Over recent decades, most developed countries have experienced a fall in fertility and an increase in longevity which have led to a significant increase in the weight of elderly on the population and a decrease in the number of working-age people per elderly population. Economists and politicians are concerned about the aging population process and the need to introduce policy reforms such as f...

China has attracted increasing attention because it is the world’s most populous nation and it has maintained phenomenal rates of economic growth in recent years. However, consumption in China is unusually low and has continued to decline as a share of GDP over the past decade. In this paper, we conduct a dynamic panel analysis of the determinants of the household consumption ratio in rural Chi...

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to promote, develop, and secure the health of infants. Child abuse is one of the most common and most important problems in the world, and one of the factors that increase its incidence is substance dependency of the parents. Breastfeeding beyond the normal age range can be harmful to the health of the mother and baby, and may represent a pathol...