Ammonia slip catalysts (ASC) are used downstream of the NH3-selective catalytic NOx reduction (SCR) system, to minimize ammonia from transport sector SCR units. The ASC may consist an active layer for control, a with oxidation functionality conversion, or combination thereof, either as individual layers single mixed layer. Mathematical models such systems involve flow and mass transfer in monol...

It is widely held amongst paediatric surgeons that babies born with major congenital abnormalities remain srnall even after successful surgical treatment. Forshall (1960) showed that many children with certain deformities achieve normal weight after correction; but no systematic study of the pattern of their long-term development appears to have been carried out. The purpose of this investigati...

This paper describes active control of an aftertreatment system for a spark ignition engine equipped with a three-way catalyst and preand post-catalyst oxygen sensors. The control objective is to maximize the simultaneous conversion efficiencies of oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons. Linear exhaust gas oxygen sensors are used to measure preand post-catalyst air-fuel ratio. A series co...

The removal of nitrogen oxides emitted by diesel and lean burn engines is one of the most important targets in catalytic exhaust aftertreatment research. Besides the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction with ammonia the most promising approach is the NOx Storage and Reduction Catalyst (NSR) which utilizes the nitrogen oxides storage on barium sites to form nitrates during the lean phase...

Introduce electronic control exhaust gas recirculation EGR system in the passenger cars and light duty vehicles was made because of fuel direct injectionengines. In this engines temperature combustion process is a higher then other type engine and in this connections NO, emissions were higher to. Simultaneously was appearing problems to electronic exhaust gas recirculation control in connection...

Engine and aftertreatment solutions are being identified to meet the upcoming ultra-low NO x regulations on heavy duty vehicles as published by California Air Resources Board (CARB) proposed United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for year 2027 beyond. These standards will require changes current conventional systems dealing with low exhaust temperature scenarios. One approach me...