the usage of implantable cardiac defibrillator (icd) since 1980s is becoming more popular these days. the rate of both, endocarditis and constrictive pericarditis are low but it still needs attention. we are reporting a rare case of icd endocarditis as a result of toe infection in a diabetic patient. this was followed by infectious pericarditis after device removal by open heart surgery and the...

This study draws on archival documents to trace the concrete implementation of ‘normalisation processes’ in Czechoslovak society, research fields, and university during 1970s 1980s, focusing field Russian studies Charles University Faculty Arts. What makes this case particular interest is story a Russianist at who studied languages cultures countries whose leadership had decided send military f...

C orporate governance in the United States changed dramatically throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Before 1980, corporate governance—meaning the mechanisms by which corporations and their managers are governed—was relatively inactive. Then, the 1980s ushered in a large wave of merger, takeover and restructuring activity. This activity was distinguished by its use of leverage and hostility. The use...

Abstract China has become the world's largest bilateral creditor to low- and middle-income countries, yet its participation in collective debt-relief frameworks led by western multilateral institutions—the International Monetary Fund, World Bank Paris Club—has not met those institutions' expectations. Prevailing discussion perceives China's ‘reserved’ as free-riding on or contesting internation...

For the development stage, the actuality of China economy is very similar to the initial stage of 1970s in Japan, so we can use some feasible experiences to solve economic problems by Japan at the beginning of 1970s. The research to the foam economy in the middle and late stage of 1980s in Japan induces the consideration whether China would follow the same old disastrous road of Japan in 1980s....

In this paper we study the contribution of inflows and outflows to the dynamics of unemployment in three European countries, the United Kingdom, France and Spain. We compare performance in these three countries making use of both administrative and labor force survey data. We find that the impact of the 1980s reforms in Britain is evident in the contributions of the inflow and outflow rates. Th...

The Ins and Outs of European Unemployment In this paper we study the contribution of inflows and outflows to the dynamics of unemployment in three European countries, the United Kingdom, France and Spain. We compare performance in these three countries making use of both administrative and labor force survey data. We find that the impact of the 1980s reforms in Britain is evident in the contrib...