BACKGROUND Hope and resilience protect against inner vulnerabilities or harsh life circumstances; they explain individual differences in physical or mental health outcomes under high stress. They have been studied in complementary or competing theoretical frameworks; therefore, the study of measures of hope and resilience should be undertaken prior to explore if they are truly value-added for r...

BACKGROUND Catatonia was first described by Kahlbaum as a psychomotor disease with motor, behavioral, and affective symptoms. In keeping with this concept, we developed a rating scale for catatonia (Northoff Catatonia Scale [NCS]) with three different categories of symptoms (i.e., motor, behavioral, affective). Furthermore, the question of the relationship among catatonic symptoms, extrapyramid...

It has been known that some neuropsychiatric symptoms also occur on healthy people who are subjected to the low pressure and oxygen level. Especially climbers and pilots experience sometimes severe symptoms. The aim of the research is determine the physical and psychiatric symptoms that the pilots have experienced during hypobaric chamber training and discuss the possible mechanisms related wit...

Seasonal affective disorders (SAD) represents a subgroup of major depression with a regular occurrence of symptoms in autumn and winter and full remission in spring and summer. Light therapy or phototherapy has become the standard treatment of this type of depression. The phototherapy is affective therapy for depressive symptoms of SAD. However, the action mechanism of light therapy is uncertai...

Affective disorders, including major depression, mania and bipolar disorder, represent a spectrum of severe psychiatric diseases reflecting a continuum of psychopathological symptoms. Starting in young adulthood and often leading to suicidal ideation, affective disorders are ranking among the most disabling diseases worldwide in terms of the WHO global burden of disease, are socio-economically ...

BACKGROUND The complex concordance and discordance across and within anxiety and depressive symptoms complicates understanding of the relation between emotional symptoms and manifestations of tobacco withdrawal. The goal of this study was to parse the broad variation in anxiety and depressive symptoms into conceptually discrete components and explore their relative predictive influence on affec...

Like many other mental disorders, depression is characterised by psychological inflexibility. Two instances of such inflexibility are rumination: repetitive cognitions focusing on the causes and consequences of depressive symptoms; and emotional inertia: the tendency for affective states to be resistant to change. In two studies, we tested the predictions that: (1) rumination and emotional iner...

Schizophrenia is composed of not only positive symptoms, but also cognitive and affective symptoms that contribute significantly to morbidity. Each of these symptoms may be mediated by a separate and distinct neuronal circuit.