A new technique for the enumeration of antigen-reactive cells (ARC) responsive to the polymer antigen of S. adelaide flagellin (POL) is described for two strains of mice. Foci have been shown to be antibody dependent, may be mimicked by IgM as well as IgG antibodies, and contain specific antibody-forming cells (AFC). The use of POL offers a system unencumbered by relatively high numbers of back...

Discrimination and generalization are important elements of cognition in the daily lives of animals. Nectar-feeding bats detect flowers by olfaction and probably vision, but also use echolocation and echo-perception of flowers in immediate target surroundings. The echo received from an interference-rich flower corolla is a function of a bat's own relative position in space. This raises the ques...

RATIONALE Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of pneumonia in humans. OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of mycoplasma infection and the host inflammatory response on alveolar type II (ATII) cell ion transport in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Mice were infected with M. pulmonis for measurements of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in vivo and isolation of ATII cells. ATII cells were infe...

The quality of the primary Ab-forming cell (AFC) response in cervical lymph nodes and mediastinal lymph nodes of mice to intranasal influenza virus was strongly influenced by viral replicative capacity. IgA secretors were prominent in the early AFC response to infectious virus in mediastinal lymph nodes, while IgG expression was more frequent among isotypically switched AFC in cervical lymph no...

Carboxyl methylation of the C-terminal prenylated cysteine, which occurs in most farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins, is a reversible step and is implicated in the regulation of membrane binding and cellular functions of prenylated proteins such as GTPases. The gene coding for prenylated-protein carboxyl methyltransferase (PPMT) of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei has been clo...

The BWB-UG is a glider with smooth and integrated fuselage wing. Its lift-to-drag properties are some of the most significant factors affecting its performance. In order to improve hydrodynamic characteristics, method steady-stream active flow control (SS-AFC) proposed. computational fluid dynamics used numerically investigate SS-AFC BWB-UG. mechanism effect on characteristics revealed from fie...

Abstract This paper presents the design of a new and novel control technique applied to an active suspension system of a quarter car model using adaptive fuzzy (AF) logic and active force control (AFC) strategies. The two main advantages of the proposed method are the simplicity of the control law and low computational burden. The overall control system essentially comprises three feedback cont...

OBJECTIVE Ovarian reserve tests are commonly used to predict ovarian response in infertile patients undergoing ovarian stimulation. Although serum markers such as basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or random anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level and ultrasonographic markers (antral follicle count, AFC) are good predictors, no single test has proven to be the best predictor. In this study, we...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND The FSH starting dose is usually chosen according to women's age, anamnesis, clinical criteria and markers of ovarian reserve. Currently used markers include antral follicle count (AFC), which is considered to have a very high performance in predicting ovarian response to FSH. The objective of the present study to elaborate a nomogram based on AFC for the calculation of...