Governments and donors are investing in climate compatible development in order to reduce climate and development vulnerabilities. However, the rate at which climate compatible development is being operationalised has outpaced academic enquiry into the concept. Interventions aiming to achieve climate compatible development "wins" (for development, mitigation, adaptation) can also create negativ...

The benchmark dose (BMD) method has been recommended to replace the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) approach in health risk assessment of chemical substances. In the present article, developments in BMD analysis from continuous experimental data are proposed. The suggested approach defines the BMD as the dose at which the slope of the S-shaped dose-response relationship changes the mos...

The aim of this work is to analyse Maximum Admissible Concentration (MAC) values proposed for irritants by the Group of Experts for Chemical Agents in Poland, based on the RD50 value. In 1994-2004, MAC values for irritants based on the RD50 value were set for 17 chemicals. For the purpose of the analysis, 1/10 RD50, 1/100 RD50 and the MAC/RD50 ratio were calculated. The determined MAC values ar...

Roads are a major cause of habitat fragmentation that can negatively affect many mammal populations. Mitigation measures such as crossing structures are a proposed method to reduce the negative effects of roads on wildlife, but the best methods for determining where such structures should be implemented, and how their effects might differ between species in mammal communities is largely unknown...

We consider the accumulation of deleterious mutations in an asexual population, a phenomenon known as Muller’s ratchet, using the continuous time model proposed in [4]. We show that for any parameter λ > 0 ( the rate at which mutations occur), for any α > 0 ( the toxicity of the mutations) and for any size N > 0 of the population, the ratchet clicks a.s. in finite time. That is to say the minim...

The rapid spread of electronic health records raised an interest to large-scale information extraction from clinical texts. Considering such a background, we are developing a method that can extract adverse drug event and effect (adverse–effect) relations from massive clinical records. Adverse–effect relations share some features with relations proposed in previous relation extraction studies, ...

Wildlife warning signs are the most commonly used and widespread form of road impact mitigation, aimed at reducing the incidence of wildlife-vehicle collisions. Evidence of the effectiveness of currently used signs is rare and often indicates minimal change in driver behaviour. Improving the design of these signs to increase the likelihood of appropriate driver response has the potential to red...

lead (pb), has, for decades, being known for its adverse effects on various body organs and systems. in the present study, the damage of pb on the liver tissue apoptosis was investigated, and lycopersicon esculentum as an antioxidants source was administered orally to prevent the adverse effects of pb. eighteen wistar rats, randomized into three groups (n=6), were used for this study. animals i...

weak economic performance that has been observed in countries with rich natural resources is called resource curse. there have been many studies on resource curse, especially the adverse effects of this phenomenon on economic growth. income inequality or unfair distribution of income is one of the main characteristics of resource rich countries. but, there has not been much research on the effe...

conclusions the best balance between detection rate of prostate cancer and infectious complications of biopsies achieved in twelve-core biopsy protocol. twelve-core biopsy enhances the rate of prostate cancer detection with minimum adverse effects. patients and materials transrectal ultrasonography (trus) guided biopsy was performed in 180 patients suspicious for prostate cancer due to either a...