Abstract How do native speakers process texts with anomalous learner syntax? Second-language learners of Norwegian, and other verb-second (V2) languages, frequently place the verb in third position (e.g., *Adverbial-Subject-Verb), although it is mandatory for these languages to appear second (Adverbial-Verb-Subject). In an eye-tracking study, Norwegian read sentences either grammatical V2 or un...

Several linguistic tests were developed to distinguish aspectual classes. For example, adverbial modification with for two hours is possible with activities (John ran for two hours) but not with accomplishments (*John built a house for two years) or achievements. Temporal modification with the adverbial in two hours shows the reverse pattern. Usually only activities and accomplishments can occu...

Adult language acquisition typically falls far short of nativelike competence. Various explanations have been proposed for this limited attainment of adults compared to children, including critical periods for language acquisition, sociocultural differences, motivational differences, and restricted input. This paper considers an alternative explanation in terms of the associative learning pheno...

This chapter offers an overview of the little studied Polish impersonal construction which is made up of an auxiliary or copular verb in 3SG.N and a passive or resultative -n-/-tparticiple bearing the singular neuter inflection -e. I describe the morphological form and syntactic behaviour of this construction, demonstrate that it is not only functionally impersonal but also syntactically subjec...

The interaction between intonational marking (focus) and domain restriction in adverbial quantiication has been a matter of debate for a number of years. Most theories assume some semantic representation of focus that innuences the interpretation of quantiiers. Views on this interdependence range from a direct mapping of descriptive content between the two representations to a more indirect int...

Adverbial derivatives (AdvD) of nouns of the type v jarosti ‘in a rage’, s naslaždeniem ‘with pleasure’, pod predlogom ‘under the pretext of’ etc. often inherit the arguments (actants) of the noun they are derived from. However, as a rule, in case of AdvDs these arguments are realized in a way very different from the nouns. The main linguistic findings of the paper consist in the set of positio...

In the German dialects of Rhine and Moselle Franconian, demonstratives are reinforced by locative adverbs do/lo ‘here/there’ in order to emphasize their deictic strength. Interestingly, these can also appear intermediate position, i.e., between demonstrative noun (e.g. das do Bier ‘that there beer’), which is not possible most other varieties European German. Our questionnaire study several wri...

This research aims to analyze the adjective and adverbial clauses in “The Secret Garden” by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The method used this is a content analysis which describes clause novel. Data are obtained, analyzed, described based on sentences relative pronoun's shows highest percentage of 130 or 86%, while adverbs show 22 14%. pronouns caused complex sentences, mostly describing someone th...