In this paper, we describe a microfluidic platform that enables three dimensional cell culture within defined microenvironments towards a study of axon-glia interaction. The microdevice can offer both 3D axon isolation from cell body and 3D spatial cell separation between neuron and astrocyte. It consists of large fluidic channels for media supply and small channels for collagen filling as a th...

OBJECTIVE Sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) undergo apoptosis after peripheral nerve injury. The aim of this study was to investigate sensory neuron death and the mechanism involved in the death of these neurons in cultured DRG. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, L5 DRG from adult mouse were dissected and incubated in culture medium for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Fresh...

Neuron-astrocyte interactions play a crucial role during development and in the adult brain. During development, glial cells are involved in the guidance of neuronal precursors and in extending neuronal fiber projections. Astrocytes can promote neurite outgrowth, both "in vitro" and "in vivo". In the central nervous system (CNS), they express receptors for a variety of growth factors (GFs), neu...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the world’s second-most serious neurodegenerative disorder, affecting millions of people each year. The current techniques used to screen for new PD therapies in-vitro are unable to integrate dopamine detection on chip with long-term differentiated neuron cell culture. We have developed a digital microfluidic system that integrates long-term neuron culture with elect...

An adult with Sandhoff disease presented with pure lower motor neuron phenotype. Twenty years later, he showed signs of upper motor neuron involvement. 25 years from the onset, his muscle weakness slightly worsened but he was fully independent in activities of daily living. GM2-gangliosidosis can manifest as a motor neuron disease with a slowly progressive course. The correct knowledge of the n...

In adult zebrafish, relatively quiescent progenitor cells show lesion-induced generation of motor neurons. Developmental motor neuron generation from the spinal motor neuron progenitor domain (pMN) sharply declines at 48 hours post-fertilisation (hpf). After that, mostly oligodendrocytes are generated from the same domain. We demonstrate here that within 48 h of a spinal lesion or specific gene...

pollen, honey, larvae, pupa and adult honey bees were collected from apiaries in taleghan, karadj region to assess the fungal infections.  several larvae were found in culture media of digestive system of adult bees and pollen through the experiment.  the larvae then were incubated to grow up and reach to the adult stage. morphological and systematic studies on samples of larvae and adults reve...

We present a microfluidic neuron culture platform capable of isolating/guiding CNS axons from neuronal somata for localized manipulation and quantitative analysis of axonal growth. Localized treatment of five extracellular matrices to somata or axons for investigating their effects on axon growth was demonstrated. Quantitative analysis of axon growths in response to different treatment could be...