The manifestations of stress, defined as a biological response to an event that the individual perceives as a threat to its homeostasis, are commonly linked to enhanced activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the activation of the sympathetic adreno-medullary (SA) system. Activation of the HPA system results in the secretion of peptides from the hypothalamus, principally co...

OBJECTIVES Utilisation of high-frequency drills is known to increase noise induced hearing loss due to increasing the damages of inner ear cells. This study aimed to investigate whether preconditioning by using dexmedetomidine (DEX) decreased the occurrence of ischemia in inner cells of the ear. METHODS We utilised a transgenic zebrafish line Brn3C, and the embryos were collected from breedin...

AIM The present study was designed to investigate the effects of progesterone-carbachol derivative on perfusion pressure and coronary resistance in rats. An additional aim was to identify the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS The Langendorff model was used to measure perfusion pressure and coronary resistance changes in isolated rat heart after progesterone-carbachol derivative alone and...

Arachnoidocele is characterized by the herniation of the subarachnoid space within the sella turcica, associated with some degree of flattening of the pituitary gland. In children and adolescents, Arachnoidocele is rare, and the clinical picture is much less benign, with an increase in familial incidence, associated skeletal disorders, and endocrine abnormalities. OH was in infant admitted at t...

Research into complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has made significant progress. First, there was the implementation of the official IASP "Budapest" diagnostic criteria. It would be desirable to also define exclusion and outcome criteria that should be reported in studies. The next step was to recognize the complex pathophysiology. After trauma, some inflammation is physiological; in acute CR...

Although the genetic sex of an embryo is determined at conception by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome, both females and males have bipotential, undifferentiated gonads early in their development. Genes and testicular hormones direct differentiation into either testes or ovaries. The first relevant gene to be identified was the Y-linked master regulatory gene, SRY, since when several ...