As a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, brain histamine has a variety of physiological roles in brain functions such as hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) activity. Histamine induces the release of ACTH through the activation of hypothalamic neurons containing vasopressin and CRH. Histamine induces the activity of HPA axis directly or indirectly. Endogenous opioids modulate the (HPA) axis ...

The adrenal glands are involved in the production and secretion of hormones and control different metabolic pathways. Impairments in the adrenal glands (above the kidneys) thus have a significant impact on bodily functions. Hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, adrenocortical deficiency and phaeochromocytoma are typical for this type of disease. Medical students should be familiar especially wi...

The adrenal glands are involved in the production and secretion of hormones and control different metabolic pathways. Impairments in the adrenal glands (above the kidneys) thus have a significant impact on bodily functions. Hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, adrenocortical deficiency and phaeochromocytoma are typical for this type of disease. Medical students should be familiar especially wi...

The adrenal glands are involved in the production and secretion of hormones and control different metabolic pathways. Impairments in the adrenal glands (above the kidneys) thus have a significant impact on bodily functions. Hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, adrenocortical deficiency and phaeochromocytoma are typical for this type of disease. Medical students should be familiar especially wi...

Long-term exposure to social and biological/physical stressful events produces stress responses. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the main neuroendocrine regulatory systems in process stress. Recent studies have shown that skin, as a large endocrine organ, also has peripheral functions similar central HPA axis. skin responds positively range symptoms. This review will int...

normotensive hyperaldosteronism is a rare disorder. it is usually diagnosed with hypokalemia or an adrenal mass. our patient was a 27-year-old female presented with weakness. she had normal blood pressure, hypokalemia, high plasma aldosterone level and suppressed plasma renin activity. after the saline load, test aldosterone didn’t show suppression. adrenal computed tomography revealed a left a...

Background: Adrenal hematoma is a very rare acquired cause of neonatal hypertension. In this study, we report a case of neonatal hypertension associated with adrenal hematoma. A male neonate was immediately transferred to our neonatal intensive care unit after delivery due to meconium aspiration. He needed to be on mechanical ventilation support. During his hospital stay, hospital records showe...

The underlying genetic components contributing to individual variability in functions of the stress-responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are poorly understood. To determine genetic loci mediating three aspects of the adrenocortical function, we conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in the segregating F2 generation of a Wistar Kyoto (WKY) x Fischer 344 (F344) cross,...

Sterol carrier protein (SCP) is a highly abundant, ubiquitous, low molecular weight protein that has a rapid turnover and multifunctional roles in lipid metabolism and transport. It is also known as the fatty acid-binding protein. These and other characteristics led to studies on the possible role of SCP in mediation of steroidogenic responses of the adrenal gland to corticotropin. To quantitat...

The functions of the PDE8 family of phosphodiesterases have been largely unexplored due to the unavailability of selective pharmacological inhibitors. Here we report a novel function of PDE8B as a major regulator of adrenal steroidogenesis using a genetically ablated PDE8B mouse model as well as cell lines treated with either a new PDE8-selective inhibitor or an shRNA construct against PDE8B. W...