Fibrinogen g-chain (dodecapeptide HHLGGAKQAGDV, H12)–coated, ADP-encapsulated liposomes [H12-(ADP)-liposomes] were developed as a synthetic platelet alternative that specifically accumulates at bleeding sites as the result of interactions with activated platelets via glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and augments platelet aggregation by releasing ADP. The aim of this study is to characterize the pharmacoki...

Protein-reversible ADP-ribosylation is emerging as an important post-translational modification used to control enzymatic and protein activity in different biological systems. This modification regulates nitrogenase activity in several nitrogen-fixing bacterial species. ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and is reversed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases. The structure of the ADP-ri...

Fibrinogen enhances the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced aggregation of washed rabbit platelets and has previously been shown to associate with platelets upon the addition of ADP. This association has been investigated further by measuring the binding of 125I-fibrinogen to platelets exposed to ADP under physiologic conditions of aggregation and deaggregation. To determine the extent of 125I-...

Protein ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in DNA repair, protein degradation, transcription regulation, and epigenetic events. Intracellular ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed predominantly by ADP-ribosyltransferases with diphtheria toxin homology (ARTDs). The most prominent member of the ARTD family, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (ARTD1/PARP1) has been a target for canc...

Adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADP-ribose) and its derivatives play important roles in a series of complex physiological procedures. The design and synthesis of artificial ADP-ribosylated compounds is an efficient way to develop valuable chemical biology tools and discover new drug candidates. However, the synthesis of ADP-ribosylated compounds is currently difficult due to structural complexity...

Recently (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 261:580, 1992), we have shown that K562 leukemia cells express a calcium-signaling purinoceptor with characteristics of the P2T receptor subtype for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) previously found only in platelets. Because these results suggested that the P2T receptor may be an early marker for megakaryocytic differentiation, we studied whether this calcium-signalin...

This study characterizes a congenital hemorrhagic disorder caused by a platelet function defect with the following features: (1) severely impaired platelet aggregation and fibrinogen or von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP); (2) defective aggregation, release reaction, and fibrinogen or vWF binding induced by other agonists; (3) normal aggregation and releas...

The role played by ADP in modulating cross-bridge function has been difficult to study, as it is hard to buffer ADP concentration in skinned muscle preparations. To solve this, we used an analog of ADP, spin-labeled ADP (SL-ADP). SL-ADP binds tightly to myosin but is a very poor substrate for creatine kinase or pyruvate kinase. Thus, ATP can be regenerated allowing well-defined concentrations o...

In this article, we describe an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach to compute lower bounds on the optimal value function for a discrete time, continuous space, and infinite horizon setting. The iteratively constructs family of bounding functions by using so-called Bellman inequality. novelty our is that, at each iteration, aim that maximizes point-wise maximum taken with computed th...