BACKGROUND Past studies have linked certain values (traditional vs. individualistic) with adolescent substance-use. The aims of this study are to replicate cross-sectional research linking values and adolescent substance-use and to determine if such values predict future substance-use. METHODS A longitudinal school-based survey of 2196 young people (age 15) followed up in early adulthood (age...

Pigeons' discounting of probabilistic and delayed food reinforcers was studied using adjusting-amount procedures. In the probability discounting conditions, pigeons chose between an adjusting number of food pellets contingent on a single key peck and a larger, fixed number of pellets contingent on completion of a variable-ratio schedule. In the delay discounting conditions, pigeons chose betwee...

A. Selecting Values for each Parameter .................................................................................. 1 B. Adjusting the Dose Escalation ............................................................................................. 4 C. Design Operating Characteristics .......................................................................................10 D. Creating a Dose...

This application note describes the procedure for adjusting the brightness of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in applications by means of resistors. For better repeatability, the calculation of the required resistance values is shown by means of an example.

This application note describes the procedure for adjusting the brightness of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in applications by means of resistors. For better repeatability, the calculation of the required resistance values is shown by means of an example.