OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of expected life span on the cost-effectiveness of treating ocular hypertension to prevent primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS We used a Markov simulation model to estimate the cost and benefit of ocular hypertension treatment over a person's remaining life. We examined the influence of age on the cost-effectiveness decision in 2 ways: (1) by evaluating spec...

introduction: individuals and families' accessible incomes increase as a result of economic development and income inequality reduction. this in turn leads to health promotion in the community. so, this study mainly aimed to survey the effects of unequal income distribution on health in selected members of organization of islamic countries (oic). methods: this descriptive-analytic study collect...

BACKGROUND Information on non-fatal health outcomes of disease and injury has been largely neglected in health planning because of the conceptual and definitional complexity of measuring morbidity and disability in populations. One of our major objectives was to quantify disability for inclusion in health policy debates. We analysed these health outcomes in terms of disability-free life expecta...

Aim: In this research, it was aimed to evaluate relationship of deaths caused by malignant neoplasm stomach with healthy life expectancy (HALE) : a time-based longitudinal analysis on the ICD-10 mortality list.
 Material and Method: World Health Organization (WHO) data WHO-HALE at birth HALE 60 ages for 14 countries between 1996-2017 were used. Spearman’s rho, year controlled partial corre...

BACKGROUND An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is considered the vascular access of choice, but uncertainty exists about the optimal time for its creation in pre-dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal vascular access referral strategy for stage 4 (glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) chronic kidney disease patients using a decision analytic framework. MET...

BACKGROUND We assessed the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on life expectancy and active life expectancy among persons aged 55 years or older in Beijing. METHODS This study included 1593 men and 1664 women who participated in the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging, which commenced in 1992 and had 4 survey waves up to year 2000. An abridged life table was used to estimate life expect...

PURPOSE We assessed the effect of age, health status and patient preferences on outcomes of surgery vs active surveillance for low risk prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used Monte Carlo simulation of Markov models of the life courses of 200,000 men diagnosed with low risk prostate cancer and treated with surveillance or radical prostatectomy to calculate quality adjusted life expecta...

BACKGROUND The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) is an attractive outcome measure because it captures both health-related quality of life (HRQL) and life expectancy in a single metric. We present a method for calculating QALYs that is simple, utilizes data that are free of charge, and may improve consistency in burden-of-disease investigations. METHODS For purposes of illustration, we calcula...