Mitral regurgitation and its haemodynamic features were investigated non-invasively in cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by means of two dimensional Doppler echocardiography. There were 28 patients, 14 of whom showed systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral echo; the other 14 did not. The following results were obtained. (1) Mitral regurgitation was detected by the Doppler technique in a...

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms of mitral regurgitation accompanying myocardial infarction. Severity and site of mitral regurgitation was evaluated by the real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging technique in 81 patients with old myocardial infarction. The incidence of mitral regurgitation did not depend on the region of infarction. There was, however, a close...

This review deals with the functional anatomy of the six components of the mitral apparatus, namely, the left atrial wall, annulus, leaflets, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and left ventricular wall. Each component is considered individually, in the context of the apparatus as a whole, in relation to the mode of closure of the normal mitral valve, and in the light of many acquired and co...

SUCCESS in the surgical treatment of stenotic valvular disease of the heart has emphasized the urgency for the development of equally satisfactory methods for the correction of valvular insufficiencies. This need applies particularly to the mitral valve. Although mitral stenosis is quite common, it is relatively less so in the "pure" state. Bland stated that of 730 cases of rheumatic heart dise...

Acute severe valvular regurgitation is a surgical emergency, but accurate and timely diagnosis can be difficult. Although cardiovascular collapse is a common presentation, examination findings to suggest acute regurgitation may be subtle, and the clinical presentation may be nonspecific. Consequently, the presentation of acute valvular regurgitation may be mistaken for other acute conditions, s...

BACKGROUND The effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on the mitral valve apparatus and factors influencing the reduction of mitral regurgitation with or without mitral leaflet tethering after TAVR are poorly understood. The present 3-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography study aimed to elucidate early changes further in the structure and function of the mitral valv...

We designed this study to test the hypothesis that in acute mitral regurgitation the mitral regurgitant area (MRA) is a dynamic quantity which varies with the time variation of ventricular volume. Mitral insufficiency was created in five open-chest dogs in which a portion of the anterior leaflet was excised. Phasic aortic and mitral flows were measured electromagnetically, along with left atria...

Ischemic mitral regurgitation is an important consequence of LV remodeling after myocardial infarction. Echocardiographic diagnosis and assessment of ischemic mitral regurgitation are critical to gauge its adverse effects on prognosis and to attempt to tailor rational treatment strategy. There is no single approach to the echocardiographic assessment of ischemic mitral regurgitation: standard e...

We report the successful treatment of a 77-year-old man after a difficult diagnosis of mitral valve regurgitation resulting from complete rupture of the anterior papillary muscle. The patient with cardiogenic shock was an emergency admission. An electrocardiogram showed acute lateral wall myocardial infarction. He had complications of leukocytosis and a high-grade fever. Transesophageal echocar...