Immuno-inflammatory responses are essential for defending the host against pathogenic infections [...]

BACKGROUND A subgroup of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients with severe immunodeficiency show persistently low CD4+ cell counts despite sustained viral suppression. It is unclear whether this immuno-virological discordance translates into an increased risk for clinical events. METHODS Data analysis from a large multicenter cohort incorporating 14,433 HIV-1-infected ...

Patients presenting with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are predisposed to co-infection with Mycobacterium avium. The management of such patients is problematic due to underlying immuno-incompetence and the high resistance of M. avium to most non-toxic compounds. Therefore, the need for effective agents is obvious. Because phenothiazines, especially the relatively mild thioridazine,...

Platelets can bind and phagocytose infectious microorganisms and so enable their transport for a prolonged time. To investigate the subcellular events of these interactions, platelets were incubated either with Staphylococcus aureus or with HIV and analyzed by electron microscopy (EM) and immuno-EM. HIV and bacteria internalization occurred exclusively within platelets showing morphological evi...

Proper nutrition offers one of the most effective and least costly ways to decrease the burden of numerous diseases and their associated risk factors. Modern nutritional research significantly contributes to improving health of both current and future generations. An important part of nutrition and health is immuno-nutrition, which can be defined as the effect of the provision of specific nutri...

Background: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are used as a source for cell therapy in different model for neurological disorder such as stroke and spinal cord injury. However, the transdifferentiation of BMSC into cholinergic phenotype requires more investigation. Methods: BMSC were isolated from adult rats, pre-induced with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) and followed by nerve growth factor (NGF) indu...