It is demonstrated that cyanobacteria (both azotrophic and non-azotrophic) contain heme b oxidoreductases that can convert chlorite to chloride and molecular oxygen (incorrectly denominated chlorite 'dismutase', Cld). Beside the water-splitting manganese complex of photosystem II, this metalloenzyme is the second known enzyme that catalyses the formation of a covalent oxygen-oxygen bond. All cy...

Flotation is the most known beneficiation method for separation of complex and refractory iron ores. As a typical iron-containing silicates, it difficult to separate chlorite from specularite, because similar surface physicochemical properties. In this study, selective depression effect sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) was conducted via cationic micro-flotation. The adsorption mechanism between ...

A compilation of Fe-bearing chlorite analyses is used: (1) to investigate the Alfree di-trioctahedral (AFDT) substitution 2Fe +□ = 3(Mg,Fe) in chlorite; and (2) to estimate the composition of a ferri-sudoite end-member (Si3Al)[(Fe ,Mg)2Fe 3+ 2 □Al]O10(OH)8 within the chlorite solid-solution domain. According to our observations, up to two Fe cations might be allocated in the M2-M3 chlorite site...

Chinese Fir wood (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) was subjected to extraction treatments with sodium chlorite (NaClO2) for delignification, as well as with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at different concentrations for extraction of hemicelluloses. The wood was examined using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and microtension technique to track changes in the chemical and the mic...

The chlorite dismutases (Clds) degrade ClO(2)(-) to O(2) and Cl(-) in perchlorate respiring bacteria, and they serve still poorly defined cellular roles in other diverse microbes. These proteins share 3 highly conserved Trp residues, W155, W156, and W227, on the proximal side of the heme. The Cld from Dechloromonas aromatica (DaCld) has been shown to form protein-based radicals in its reactions...

We discuss the design of reaction-diffusion systems that display a variety of spatiotemporal patterns. We also consider how these patterns may be controlled by external perturbation, typically using photochemistry or temperature. Systems treated include the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, the chlorite-iodide-malonic acid and chlorine dioxide-malonic acid-iodine reactions, and the BZ-AOT sys...

UNLABELLED The naturally occurring compound, fumaric acid, was evaluated as a potential preservative for the long-term storage of cucumbers. Fumaric acid inhibited growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in an acidified cucumber juice medium model system resembling conditions that could allow preservation of cucumbers in the presence of sodium benzoate. Forty millimolars of fumaric acid were requi...