Complex acid-base disorders arise frequently in critically ill patients, especially in those with multiorgan failure. In order to diagnose and treat these disorders better, some intensivists have abandoned traditional theories in favor of revisionist models of acid-base balance. With claimed superiority over the traditional approach, the new methods have rekindled debate over the fundamental pr...

approved: La'rn J. Weber Acid-base balance in ammoniotelic fish can be accounted for by the concentrations and net flux rates of four generalized independent variables. The physicochemical principles of acid-base chemistry determine the quantitative interaction of acids and bases in an aqueous solution. In a given medium, acid-base balance is the instantaneous net result of input and output rat...

Acid-base balance evaluation according to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation enable us to assess the contribution of respiratory (pCO2) and/or non-respiratory (metabolic, HCO3(-)) components to the acid-base balance status. A new approach to acid-base balance evaluation according to Stewart-Fencl, which is based on a detailed physical-chemical analysis of body fluids shows that metabolic acid-b...

background: introducing rctm (research-centered teaching method) by the author, showed the method provokes enthusiasm and anxiety, correlated with cognition . by linking the broaden-and-build theory and emotional intelligence theory, it becomes apparent that the knowledge and use of positive emotions constitute an important skill set for effective functioning. purpose: to investigate the effect...