PURPOSE To evaluate the anterior segment biometric parameters of non-accommodative and accommodative refractive accommodative esotropia (RAE). METHODS Eighty-one eyes of 81 patients were included in this prospective, case-control study. The patients were divided into three groups as follows: the RAE group (n = 31), the hypermetropia group (n = 25), and the emmetropia group (n = 25). Measureme...

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to examine the distribution of refractive errors and clinical characteristics of strabismus in Korean patients with Down's syndrome. METHODS A total of 41 Korean patients with Down's syndrome were screened for strabismus and refractive errors in 2009. RESULTS A total of 41 patients with an average age of 11.9 years (range, 2 to 36 years) were screened. Ei...

PURPOSE To propose an alternative and practical model to conceptualize clinical patterns of concomitant intermittent strabismus, heterophoria, and convergence and accommodation anomalies. METHODS Despite identical ratios, there can be a disparity- or blur-biased "style" in three hypothetical scenarios: normal; high ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) and low ratio of co...

BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between fully and partially refractive accommodative esotropia (Ac-ET) depends on outcomes after intervention with refraction correction. Whether the differences exist in terms of initial clinical features between these two variants has not been fully explored. METHODS Children between the ages of 6 months and 8 years with esotropia and spherical equivale...

BACKGROUND Hyperopic undercorrection is a common clinical practice. However, less is known of its effect on the change in refractive errors and emmetropization throughout the later years of childhood. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of spectacle correction on the change in refractive errors in hyperopic children less than 12 years of age with or without strabismus. DATA EXTRACTION A retro...

PURPOSE To characterize ophthalmic findings in patients with tetrasomy 18p, a rare chromosomal anomaly that has been previously associated with strabismus. METHODS All subjects underwent a complete eye examination to screen for ocular pathology. RESULTS A total of 25 subjects (13 female) were examined after they were diagnosed with tetrasomy 18p. The average age of subjects was 8.2 years (r...

PURPOSE To compare and evaluate the efficacy of two different surgical techniques for the treatment of near-distance disparity esotropia; combined resection-recession and recession-retroequatorial myopexy of medial rectus muscles. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study included 28 patients diagnosed with convergence excess esotropia who had worn their full cycloplegic refraction and/or b...

The emmetropes and myopes were reported to have different monocular accommodative stamina at distance, but not at near. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the binocular accommodative stamina under natural binocular viewing condition. Methods: Accommodative stamina of 40 young university students was investigated over one-minute duration with a ±2.00 D lens flipper at 40 cm. Th...