Objective This paper examines the notion of truth telling and its place in palliative care nursing with a particular focus on nursing people from minority cultures. Setting The setting is palliative care nursing. Subjects The subjects are patients receiving palliative nursing care particularly those from minority cultures. Primary argument Australia is a multicultural society yet its dominant e...

In the second volume of his Wissenschaftslehre from 1837, the Bohemian philosopher, theologian, and mathematician Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848) introduced his concept of consequence, named derivability (Ableitbarkeit), together with a variety of theorems and further considerations. Derivability is an implication relation between sentences in themselves (Sätze an sich), which are not meant to be l...

The paper presents some steps for multi-valued representation of neutrosophic information. These steps are provided in the framework of multivalued logics using the following logical value: true, false, neutral, unknown and saturated. Also, this approach provides some calculus formulae for the following neutrosophic features: truth, falsity, neutrality, ignorance, underdefinedness, over-defined...

The paper presents some steps for multi-valued representation of neutrosophic information. These steps are provided in the framework of multivalued logics using the following logical value: true, false, neutral, unknown and saturated. Also, this approach provides some calculus formulae for the following neutrosophic features: truth, falsity, neutrality, ignorance, underdefinedness, over-defined...

Is truth a research goal and regulative ideal that is appropriate for management research? Is realism an appropriate philosophical foundation for management research? This article answers in the affirmative on both of these questions by (a) using historical method to develop the four fundamental tenets of scientific realism, (b) using the historical material to show how some management writers ...

In fuzzy propositional logic, to a proposition a partial truth in [0; 1] is assigned. It is well known that under certain circumstances, fuzzy logic collapses to classical logic. In this paper, we will show that under dual conditions, fuzzy logic collapses to four-valued (relevance) logic, where propositions have truth-value true,false, unknown, or contradiction. As a consequence, fuzzy entailm...

This paper investigates the ontogeny of human's naive concept of truth. Surprisingly, children find it hard to treat assertions as false before their fifth birthday. Yet, we show in six studies (N = 140) that human's concept of falsity develops early. Two-year-olds use truth-functional negation to exclude one term in an alternative (Study 1). Three-year-olds can evaluate discrepancies between t...

This paper revisits Buridan’s Bridge paradox (Sophismata, chapter 8, Sophism 17), itself close kin to the Liar paradox, a version of which also appears in Bradwardine’s Insolubilia. Prompted by occurrence Cervantes’s Don Quixote, I discuss and compare four distinct solutions problem, namely “just false” conception, “contingently true/false” theory, “both true view, then “neither simpliciter nor...

For complex group decision tasks which can be described in terms of establishing the truth value of conjunctive (and) or disjunctive (or) composite propositions, the advantage for group judgmental accuracy of disaggregating the decision task into separate individual evaluations of the truth value of each component atomic proposition in the composite is investigated. For true propositions it is ...